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Relationship between respiratory control and feeding in the developing infant.

机译:发育中婴儿的呼吸控制与喂养之间的关系。

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摘要

Simultaneous breathing and nursing from a bottle or breast requires intricate coordination of the muscles that serve both respiration and feeding. During the buccopharyngeal phase of feeding reflex input to the brainstem from the oropharynx and larynx, as well as suprabulbar and chemoreceptor areas controls the sequential activity of the muscles of deglutition. Coordinated development of buccopharyngeal functions generally occurs by 35 weeks post-conceptional age in infants, but can be disrupted by respiratory disease or neuropathology. During the oesophageal phase of feeding, the bolus of food traverses the oesophagus and lower oesophageal sphincter, whose tone is also regulated by nuclei in the brainstem and modulated by respiratory drive. Control of the lower oesophageal sphincter gradually develops postnatally in premature infants. Although symptomatic gastro-oesophageal reflux can be problematic for the term or preterm infant, it does not appear that reflux is a common stimulus for apnoea of prematurity.
机译:从瓶子或乳房同时进行呼吸和护理需要复杂的肌肉协调,从而为呼吸和进食提供帮助。在颊咽阶段,从口咽和喉以及上睑球和化学感受器区域向脑干输入反射输入,从而控制了肌肉的连续运动。胎盘功能的协调发展通常在婴儿受孕后35周发生,但可能因呼吸系统疾病或神经病理而中断。在进食的食道阶段,食物团会穿过食道和食道下括约肌,它们的音调也受脑干核的调节和呼吸驱动的调节。早产儿出生后逐渐控制下食道括约肌。尽管有症状的胃食管反流对于足月或早产儿可能会出现问题,但似乎反流并不是早产呼吸暂停的常见刺激因素。

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