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Perinatal calcium metabolism: physiology and pathophysiology.

机译:围产期钙代谢:生理学和病理生理学。

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Disturbances in mineral homeostasis are common in the neonatal period, especially in premature infants and infants who are hospitalised in an intensive care unit. In many cases these disturbances are thought to be exaggerated responses to the normal physiological transition from the intrauterine environment to neonatal independence. By contrast, some disturbances in calcium homeostasis are the result of genetic defects, which in many instances can now be identified at the molecular level. In other cases hypocalcaemia or hypercalcaemia may result from pathological intrauterine conditions, birth trauma or stress, or fetal immaturity. Diagnosis and management of hypocalcaemia and hypercalcaemia in the neonate and infant requires specific knowledge of perinatal mineral physiology and the unique clinical and biochemical features of newborn mineral metabolism. In this chapter we will provide a brief overview of calcium metabolism with an emphasis on the neonatal transition, followed by discussion of the common causes of hypercalcaemia and hypocalcaemia.
机译:新生儿体内矿物质稳态的紊乱很常见,尤其是在早产儿和在重症监护室住院的婴儿中。在许多情况下,这些障碍被认为是对从子宫内环境到新生儿独立性的正常生理转变的过度反应。相反,钙稳态的某些紊乱是遗传缺陷的结果,现在可以在分子水平上鉴定出许多遗传缺陷。在其他情况下,低钙血症或高钙血症可能由病理性子宫内状况,出生创伤或压力或胎儿不成熟导致。新生儿和婴儿的低钙血症和高钙血症的诊断和管理需要围产期矿物质生理学的特殊知识以及新生儿矿物质代谢的独特临床和生化特征。在本章中,我们将简要概述钙代谢,重点是新生儿过渡,然后讨论高钙血症和低钙血症的常见原因。

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