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首页> 外文期刊>Seminars in Urologic Oncology >Vaccine and gene therapy of renal cell carcinoma.
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Vaccine and gene therapy of renal cell carcinoma.

机译：肾细胞癌的疫苗和基因治疗。

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The concept of tumor vaccines is not new. However, advances in gene transfer technology, tumor immunology, molecular biology, and methods of monitoring antitumor response, have allowed for novel, more specific vaccine approaches. For example, first-generation tumor vaccines were composed of whole inactivated cancer cells, or tumor lysates (Tuly) given together with immune adjuvants like bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). Current strategies include tumor cells modified with genes encoding molecules necessary to stimulate a cytotoxic T cell response, such as cytokine genes, foreign HLA genes, tumor-associated antigen (TAA) genes, and even costimulatory molecules. Activation of cellular immunity requires at least three synergistic signals including presentation of specific tumor antigens, costimulatory signals (B7 molecules), and propagation of the immune response via cytokine release. In general, tumor cells often fail to demonstrate any of these immunostimulatory properties. Dendritic cell-based vaccines are gaining popularity as these cells can properly present TAA to the immune system, thus circumventing the poor antigen-presenting qualities of tumor cells. Dendritic cells can be "loaded" with TAA or other molecules either by their natural endocytotic capabilities, or by genetic modification.
机译：肿瘤疫苗的概念并不新鲜。然而，基因转移技术，肿瘤免疫学，分子生物学以及监测抗肿瘤反应的方法的进步，已经允许使用新颖，更具体的疫苗方法。例如，第一代肿瘤疫苗由完全灭活的癌细胞或肿瘤裂解物（Tuly）与免疫佐剂（如卡介苗-芽孢杆菌（BCG））一起提供。当前的策略包括用编码刺激细胞毒性T细胞应答所必需的分子的基因修饰的肿瘤细胞，例如细胞因子基因，外源HLA基因，肿瘤相关抗原（TAA）基因，甚至共刺激分子。细胞免疫的激活至少需要三个协同信号，包括特定肿瘤抗原的呈递，共刺激信号（B7分子）以及通过细胞因子释放而传播的免疫反应。通常，肿瘤细胞通常不能表现出任何这些免疫刺激特性。基于树突细胞的疫苗越来越受欢迎，因为这些细胞可以将TAA正确地呈递给免疫系统，从而规避了肿瘤细胞较差的抗原呈递质量。树突状细胞可以通过其天然的内吞能力或通过遗传修饰而“装载” TAA或其他分子。

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