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Removal of low concentrations of hardness ions from aqueous solutions using electrodeionization process

机译：使用电去离子工艺从水溶液中去除低浓度的硬离子

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摘要

A specially designed electrodeionization (EDI) stack was used for deep softening from simulated aqueous solutions containing low concentrations of hardness ions. Characteristics of the current-voltage (I-V) and resistance-voltage (R-V) curves of EDI and electrodialysis (ED) were compared at first, and then removal of Ca~(2+) ions was carried out in a continuous experiment under a constant applied voltage. In order to further investigate the abilities of EDI to remove hardness without chemical regeneration, performances of different processes were compared under various experimental conditions of applied voltage, concentrate flow rate, and feed solution composition. It was shown that with feed Ca~(2+) concentration of 5 mg dm~(-3), the dilute resistivity of 3.45 MΩcm was obtained when under optimized operation conditions. It was also found that applied voltage and concentrate flow rate had remarkable impacts on the migration of Ca~(2+) ions. A dimensionless coefficient K_t was put forward to distinguish the "enhanced transfer" and "electore-generation" mechanisms. It was found that scaling formation due to water dissociation on the membranes surface could be avoided under reasonable operation conditions. In addition, no significant influence on final hardness rejection was revealed with multi-species of feed solutions (Ca/Mg). The experimental results have demonstrated the feasibility of deep water softening by improved EDI technology.
机译：使用专门设计的电去离子（EDI）堆栈从含有低浓度硬离子的模拟水溶液中进行深度软化。首先比较了EDI和电渗析（ED）的电流-电压（IV）和电阻-电压（RV）曲线的特征，然后在恒定的连续实验中去除Ca〜（2+）离子。施加电压。为了进一步研究EDI去除硬度而不发生化学再生的能力，在施加电压，浓缩液流速和进料溶液组成的各种实验条件下，比较了不同工艺的性能。结果表明，在最佳操作条件下，进料中Ca〜（2+）的浓度为5 mg dm〜（-3）时，稀电阻率为3.45MΩcm。还发现施加电压和浓缩液流速对Ca〜（2+）离子的迁移有显着影响。提出了无量纲系数K_t，以区分“增强转移”和“选举产生”机制。发现在合理的操作条件下可以避免由于水在膜表面上的离解而形成水垢。此外，多种进料溶液（Ca / Mg）对最终硬度的去除没有显着影响。实验结果证明了通过改进的EDI技术进行深水软化的可行性。

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