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Eutectic solvents for the removal of residual palm oil-based biodiesel catalyst

机译：共晶溶剂，用于去除残留的棕榈油基生物柴油催化剂

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The production of biodiesel through transesterification requires numerous purification steps to remove the unreacted components and unwanted products for the biodiesel grade to satisfy the international standard specifications EN 14214 and ASTM D6751. The residual catalyst (KOH) is one of those impurities which must be removed at the end of alkali-catalyzed transesterification reaction. In this work, nine Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) based on choline chloride (ChCl) as well as another nine DESs based on methyl-triphenylphosphonium bromide (MTPB) salts with different compositions were synthesized and utilized as solvents for the removal of residual KOH content from palm oil-based biodiesel. The results revealed that the removal efficiency of KOH by all used DESs increased with increase in DES:biodiesel molar ratio and the mole fraction of hydrogen bond donors (HBD) in mixture of salt:HBD apart from 2,2,2-trifluoro-acetamide as HBD. The ChCl:glycerol DESs and MTPB:glycerol DESs proved their superiority in removing the KOH from palm oil-based biodiesel with an average removal efficiency of 98.59% and 97.57% respectively. These DESs fulfilled both international standards specification for KOH content at all DES:biodiesel molar ratios except for the 0.75:1 (DESl:biodiesel) ratio. The optimum molar ratio of DES to biodiesel for each DES was calculated and the decontamination factors for KOH removal at the optimum molar ratios for all tested DESs were determined. The reusability of these DESs for removing KOH from palm oil-based biodiesel was also investigated. Furthermore, it was found that the tested DESs were able to decrease the biodiesel water content to a value below that stated by the international standards.
机译：通过酯交换反应生产生物柴油需要许多纯化步骤，以去除生物柴油等级的未反应成分和不需要的产品，以满足国际标准规格EN 14214和ASTM D6751。残留的催化剂（KOH）是在碱催化的酯交换反应结束时必须除去的那些杂质之一。在这项工作中，合成了九种基于氯化胆碱（ChCl）的深低共熔溶剂（DES）以及另外九种基于不同组成的甲基溴化三苯甲基phosph（MTPB）盐的DES，并将其用作去除残留KOH含量的溶剂来自棕榈油基生物柴油。结果表明，除2,2,2-三氟乙酰胺外，所有使用的DES去除KOH的效率均随着DES：生物柴油摩尔比的增加以及盐：HBD混合物中氢键供体（HBD）摩尔分数的增加而增加作为HBD。 ChCl：甘油DES和MTPB：甘油DES证明了它们从棕榈油基生物柴油中去除KOH的优势，平均去除效率分别为98.59％和97.57％。除了0.75：1（DES1：生物柴油）的比率外，这些DES均满足所有DES：生物柴油摩尔比的KOH含量的国际标准规范。计算了每种DES的DES与生物柴油的最佳摩尔比，并确定了所有测试DES在最佳摩尔比下KOH去除的去污因子。还研究了这些DES从棕榈油基生物柴油中去除KOH的可重复使用性。此外，发现经测试的DES能够将生物柴油中的水含量降低至低于国际标准规定的值。

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