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Sorption kinetics of ammonia and ammonium ions on gel and macroporous sulphonic acid cation exchangers

机译：氨和铵离子在凝胶和大孔磺酸阳离子交换剂上的吸附动力学

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摘要

Diffusion of ammonia and ammonium ions in sulphonic acid cation exchangers (gel Purolite SGC 100 x 10 MBH and macroporous Purolite C 160 MBH) from the solutions,representing the composition of"caustic condensate"(waste of nitrogen fertilizers production) is affected by pH of initial solution and structure of the matrix of cation exchanger.In gel matrix the effective intraparticle diffusivity (D_ef) depends greatly on the solution pH because of shrinkage in alkaline and swelling in acidic medium:on decreasing the initial concentration of ammonia from 0.214 to 0.003 and increasing that of ammonium nitrate from 0 to 0.214 mol l~(-1) instead,the effect of ion exchange leads to a decrease in pH,resulting in swelling and increase in D_ef from 0.1 to 0.34 x 10~(-10) for gel Purolite SGC 100 x 10 MBH and variation of 0.18-0.11 x 10~(10)m~2 s~(-1) for macroporous Purolite C 160 MBH (resistant to shrinkage and swelling).In Purolite C 160 MBH both macropore diffusivity (0.07-0.29 x 10~(-10) m~2 s~(-1)) and gel (solid phase) diffusivity (0.06-0.19 x 10~(-10) m~2 s~(-1)) are higher than micropore diffusivity (0.28-0.56 x 10~(-18) m~2 s~(-1)).With respect to the effective intraparticle diffusivity,resistance to nitric acid,used for the regeneration,and high concentration of ammonium nitrate in eluate (up to 110gl~(-1)),Purolite C 160 MBH has been installed for the conversion of ammonia and ammonium ions to ammonium nitrate reusable in the fertilizers production.This allows minimizing the economic loss and preventing the environmental contamination.
机译：溶液中氨和铵离子在磺酸阳离子交换剂（凝胶Purolite SGC 100 x 10 MBH和大孔Purolite C 160 MBH）中的扩散，表示“苛性冷凝物”的组成（氮肥产生的废物）受pH值的影响。阳离子交换剂基质的初始溶液和结构。在凝胶基质中，由于碱的收缩和在酸性介质中的溶胀，有效的颗粒内扩散系数（D_ef）在很大程度上取决于溶液的pH：将氨的初始浓度从0.214降低至0.003和相反，将硝酸铵的浓度从0增加到0.214 mol l〜（-1），离子交换的作用导致pH降低，导致溶胀，凝胶的D_ef从0.1增加到0.34 x 10〜（-10） Purolite SGC 100 x 10 MBH和大孔Purolite C 160 MBH（抗收缩和溶胀）在0.18-0.11 x 10〜（10）m〜2 s〜（-1）之间变化。在Purolite C 160 MBH中，两种大孔扩散率（ 0.07-0.29 x 10〜（-10）毫秒〜2 s 〜（-1））和凝胶（固相）扩散率（0.06-0.19 x 10〜（-10）m〜2 s〜（-1））高于微孔扩散率（0.28-0.56 x 10〜（-18） m〜2 s〜（-1））。关于有效的粒子内扩散性，耐硝酸性，用于再生以及洗脱液中高浓度的硝酸铵（最高110gl〜（-1）），Purolite C已经安装了160 MBH，用于将氨和铵离子转化为可在肥料生产中重复使用的硝酸铵，这可以最大程度地减少经济损失并防止环境污染。

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