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A scaling mitigation approach during direct contact membrane distillation

机译：直接接触式膜蒸馏过程中的结垢缓解方法

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Membrane scaling during the treatment of aqueous solutions containing sparingly soluble salts by direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) was investigated. The results reveal that membrane scaling caused by CaSO4 was more severe than that by CaCO3 or silicate. However, under the experimental condition used in this study and at feed and distillate temperature of 20 °C and 40 °C, respectively, CaSO4 scaling occurred only after a sufficiently long induction time of up to 25 h (corresponding to a saturation index of up to 1.5). The induction period decreased and the size of the CaSO4 crystals increased as the feed temperature increased. SEM analysis reveals that prior to the onset of CaSO4 scaling, the membrane surface was relatively clean and was completely free of any large crystals. Subsequently, a simple operational regime involving regular membrane flushing to reset the induction period was developed and was proven to be effective in controlling CaSO4 scaling. At a low system recovery, the permeate flux was constant despite the fact that the feed solution was always at a super saturation condition. Results reported here also confirm the interplay between induction time and the saturation index.
机译：研究了通过直接接触膜蒸馏（DCMD）处理含微溶盐的水溶液过程中的膜结垢。结果表明，由CaSO4引起的膜结垢比由CaCO3或硅酸盐引起的结膜更严重。但是，在本研究中使用的实验条件下，以及进料和馏出温度分别为20°C和40°C时，只有经过足够长的诱导时间（长达25小时），CaSO4才会发生结垢（相当于饱和指数至1.5）。随着进料温度的升高，诱导期缩短，CaSO4晶体的尺寸增加。 SEM分析表明，在开始发生CaSO4结垢之前，膜表面相对清洁并且完全不含任何大晶体。随后，开发了一种简单的操作方案，该方案涉及定期冲洗膜以重置诱导期，并被证明可有效控制CaSO4结垢。在低系统回收率下，尽管进料溶液始终处于过饱和状态，但渗透通量是恒定的。此处报道的结果也证实了诱导时间和饱和指数之间的相互作用。

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