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Coagulation/chlorination of surface water: A comparison between chitosan and metal salts

机译：地表水的混凝/氯化：壳聚糖和金属盐之间的比较

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摘要

Coagulation and subsequent chlorination are typically used for surface water treatment in order to produce potable water. Chitosan, a linear cationic polymer of high molecular weight, has recently been proposed for application in drinking water treatment as potential alternative to metal species based coagulants. However, due to its nature some organic matter may be released during coagulation step, thus increasing the concentration of disinfection by-products as well as the toxicity of finished water. In the present paper the efficiency of chitosan and conventional coagulants (aluminium sulphate and ferric chloride) was compared in terms of turbidity and natural organic matter (NOM) removal, as well as acute toxicity on Daphnia magna of coagulated and coagulated/chlorinated surface water. The coagulation experiments were carried out by jar test using low TOC and high alkalinity surface water. Turbidity and NOM removal, as well as toxicity were investigated (i) under actual conditions, (ii) for different pH (5, 6,7) and (iii) in humic acid (HA) spiked surface water samples. All coagulants decreased toxicity on D. magna from 100% to 0% immobilization. However, the addition of humic acids affected final toxicity in different ways according to coagulant type and dose. Moreover, the chlorination step after coagulation increased toxicity too according to the coagulant type as follows: chitosan > ferric chloride > aluminium sulphate.
机译：为了产生饮用水，通常将混凝和随后的氯化用于地表水处理。壳聚糖，一种高分子量的线性阳离子聚合物，最近被提议用于饮用水处理中，作为基于金属物质的混凝剂的潜在替代品。但是，由于其性质，某些有机物可能会在凝结步骤中释放出来，从而增加了消毒副产物的浓度以及最终水的毒性。在本文中，比较了壳聚糖和常规混凝剂（硫酸铝和氯化铁）的混浊度和天然有机物（NOM）去除效率，以及混凝和混凝/氯化地表水对水蚤的急性毒性。通过使用低TOC和高碱度地表水的罐式试验进行混凝实验。 （i）在实际条件下，（ii）在腐殖酸（HA）加标的地表水样品中，针对不同的pH（5，6,7）和（iii），研究了浊度和NOM去除以及毒性。所有的凝结剂将对D. magna的毒性从100％降低到0％。但是，根据混凝剂类型和剂量，腐殖酸的添加以不同方式影响最终毒性。此外，根据凝结剂类型，凝结后的氯化步骤也增加了毒性：壳聚糖>氯化铁>硫酸铝。

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