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首页> 外文期刊>Separation and Purification Technology >Removal of CrO_4 anions from waters using surfactant enhanced hybrid PAC/MF process
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Removal of CrO_4 anions from waters using surfactant enhanced hybrid PAC/MF process

机译：使用表面活性剂增强的混合PAC / MF工艺从水中去除CrO_4阴离子

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The removal of CrO_4~(2-) anions from aqueous solution using surfactant added hybrid powdered activated carbon (PAC) and crossflow micro-filtration (CFMF) process was performed.Experimental runs were studied at various amounts of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as cationic surfactant,PAC as adsorbent and CrO_4~(2-) ions in feed solution.CFMF unit was operated at constant values of the transmembrane pressure (150 kPa),crossflow velocity (1.18 m/s) and temperature (30deg C).Hybrid PAC/MF process performance was investigated in terms of CTAB and CrO_4~(2-) rejections and,the flux decline.It was shown that the flux declined with time and the rejections varied for various properties of feed solution.CTAB and CrO_4~(2-) rejections could be achieved as 91 and 97.2% at the conditions of 0.5 g PAC/L,5 mM CTAB,0.2 mM CrO_4~(2-) and 120-min process time.It was found that over the critic micelle concentration (CMC),both CTAB and CrO_4~(2-) rejections were in the higher values according to the values under the CMC.In addition,membrane blocking mechanisms were investigated to clarify the cake formation mechanism due to PAC.For all experimental conditions,the best results of blocking models obtained for cake filtration,intermediate blocking and standard pore blocking,respectively.It was understood that these blocking mechanisms occurred simultaneously on membrane surface in terms of high r~2 values.A cake layer formed on membrane surface (cake filtration).Pore entrance blocked partially due to particles bridging over pore opening (intermediate blocking).Free CTAB aggregates with or without CrO_4~(2-) anions,entered into the membrane pores,caused to a layer formation by adsorption and entrapment on the membrane's pore walls (standard pore blocking).Besides,cake resistance (R_c),specific cake resistance (alpha),modified fouling index (MFI) and total dried solid mass of cake per unit membrane area (omega) were also determined to comprehend the reasons of clogging within the membrane and on the surface due to both CTAB aggregates and PAC,respectively.Membrane fouling (MFI) increased with the increasing of PAC,CTAB and CrO_4~(2-) amounts in feed solution.As a result,flux,rejections and fouling in membrane were shown as a dynamic function of PAC,CTAB and CrO_4~(2-) as the properties of the feed solution.
机译：采用表面活性剂加杂粉活性炭（PAC）和错流微滤（CFMF）工艺从水溶液中去除CrO_4〜（2-）阴离子。研究了不同量的十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）的实验运行。 CFMF单元在跨膜压力（150 kPa），错流速度（1.18 m / s）和温度（30°C）恒定的条件下运行.CFMF单元作为阳离子表面活性剂，PAC作为吸附剂和进料溶液中的CrO_4〜（2-）离子。从CTAB和CrO_4〜（2-）的截留率和通量下降的角度研究了PAC / MF混合工艺的性能。结果表明，随着进料溶液的各种性质，通量随时间下降，截留率变化.CTAB和CrO_4〜在0.5 g PAC / L，5 mM CTAB，0.2 mM CrO_4〜（2-）和120分钟处理时间的条件下，（2-）的废品率分别为91％和97.2％。浓度（CMC），CTAB和CrO_4〜（2-）截留率均高于此外，还研究了膜阻塞机理，以阐明PAC引起的滤饼形成机理。在所有实验条件下，分别获得了滤饼过滤，中间阻塞和标准孔阻塞的最佳阻塞模型结果。据了解，这些阻断机制是在r〜2值较高的情况下同时发生在膜表面上的。在膜表面形成一层滤饼层（滤饼过滤）。由于颗粒在孔口上桥接而导致孔口入口部分被堵塞（中间阻断）。含或不含CrO_4〜（2-）阴离子的团聚体，进入膜孔，通过吸附和截留在膜孔壁上而形成一层膜（标准孔堵塞）。此外，抗滤饼性（R_c），比滤饼抗性（ α），改进的结垢指数（MFI）和每单位膜面积的干饼总固体质量（omega）也要确定，以了解滤网内部堵塞的原因由于CTAB聚集体和PAC的共同作用，其膜层和表面都发生了膨胀。膜结垢（MFI）随着PAC，CTAB和CrO_4〜（2-）含量的增加而增加。膜作为PAC，CTAB和CrO_4〜（2-）的动态函数显示为进料溶液的性质。

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