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首页> 外文期刊>Separation and Purification Technology >Change in membrane performance due to organic fouling in nanofiltration(NF)/reverse osmosis(RO)applications
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Change in membrane performance due to organic fouling in nanofiltration(NF)/reverse osmosis(RO)applications

机译：在纳滤（NF）/反渗透（RO）应用中由于有机结垢而引起的膜性能变化

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The effect of fouling by organics on rejection was observed for the removal of 36 neutral trace plastic additives,endocrine disruptors and other organic contaminants.Two membranes(a reverse osmosis membrane and a nanoflltration membrane)with very different volume fluxes and chloride rejections characteristics were used.Membranes were fouled by activated sludge and landfill leachate to simulate long-term membrane condition in field applications.Performances of unfouled(virgin)membranes and fouled membranes with foulant precipitation not resulting in a cake-layer formation were determined.The adsorbed particulates(foulants)changed the membrane surface characteristics which resulted in severe flux decline and affected the rejection pattern of the targets.Fouling led to increased adsorption of targets,produced narrower membrane pores and decreased mass transport by the imposed hindrances of the fouling partitions causing a higher diffusion of solutes across the membrane.Two obvious cases were distinguished due to the presence of foulants:firstly,a lowering of the rejection of high MW solutes attributed to the attachment of foulants on membrane polymer and subsequent diffusion of the large solute molecules through the membrane.Thus,facilitating the transport of high MW contaminants producing higher permeate concentrations of these solutes.Secondly,an increased rejection of low MW solutes attributed to the effect of the narrower pores resulting in the more dominant size exclusion.Thus,hindering the transport of low MW solutes producing lower permeate concentrations of these solutes.Overall,the dominant removal mechanism is dependent on solute type but largely involving sieving,diffusion and other membrane solute interaction by polymer.Findings indicate that fouling significantly impacts on membrane performance and varies the removal pattern of neutral trace organic contaminants.
机译：去除了36种中性痕量塑料添加剂，内分泌干扰物和其他有机污染物，观察到有机物结垢对拒收的影响。使用了两种膜（反渗透膜和纳滤膜），它们具有不同的通量和氯离子截留特性膜被活性污泥和垃圾渗滤液污染，以模拟田间应用的长期膜状况。确定未污染的（原始）膜和污染的膜的性能，且无沉淀物的沉淀不会形成滤饼层的形成。吸附颗粒（污垢） ）改变了膜的表面特性，导致了严重的通量下降并影响了目标物的排斥模式。结垢导致目标物的吸附增加，产生的膜孔变窄，并且由于结垢分隔物的强加障碍而导致了质量传递的减少，从而导致了更高的扩散。溶质穿过膜。两个明显的情况由于存在污垢而得以区分：首先，由于污垢在膜聚合物上的附着以及随后大溶质分子通过膜的扩散，降低了高分子量溶质的排斥。因此，促进了高分子量污染物的运输其次，低MW溶质的排斥增加是由于孔变窄导致更大的尺寸排阻所致。因此，阻碍了低MW溶质的运输，从而降低了这些溶质的渗透浓度。总体而言，主要的去除机理取决于溶质类型，但主要涉及聚合物的筛分，扩散和其他膜溶质相互作用。研究结果表明，结垢对膜的性能有显着影响，并改变了中性痕量有机污染物的去除方式。

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