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Combined treatment of highly contaminated winery wastewater

机译：联合处理高污染酿酒厂废水

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In recent years, electrocoagulation (EC) has received increasing attention concerning its potential for destruction and removal of organic and non-organic pollutants in wastewater. The objective of the current study was to examine the potential of EC, to treat different winery wastewaters (WWW), which are characterized by heavy loads of organic pollutants. To this end EC of WWW was conducted at 2 A, and applied voltage up to 10 V. Laboratory tests of raw WWW treatment in different application periods (from 10 to 40 min) of EC were carried out, and the removal efficiency was studied. The potential of EC to improve the water quality of raw WWW, prior to further processing, was demonstrated. Enhanced removal of the WWW pollutants was found at longer treatment periods. A 10 min batch treatment of WWW produced 16.4-27.9% reduction of the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), 28.2-41.9% of the chemical oxygen demand (COD), and 89.2% the total phosphorus. In view of the high organic load of the WWW, this involved removal of thousands mgL~(-1) COD. This facilitates further treatment by aquatic plants. At 1:1, W:F dilution, 97.5 and 95.6% of the BOD were removed, after 23 days of treatment, with the floating Hydrocotyle umbellate and Eichhornia crassipes plants and aeration, respectively, as compared to 28.5% in the control. Emergent plants (salt marshes with rushes) proved to be exceptionally effective in removing 99.2% of the BOD and 98.2% of the COD. These plants performed well at the high organic loads of the WWW. A scheme for a two-stage treatment of raw WWW is described. In the first stage WWW is treated by EC and its effluent with reduced organic load is then purified in the second stage, comprising aquatic plants. Finally economic aspects of the proposed system are outlined.
机译：近年来，电凝（EC）可能会破坏和去除废水中的有机和非有机污染物，因此受到越来越多的关注。本研究的目的是检验EC的潜力，以处理不同的酒厂废水（WWW），这些废水的特征在于有机污染物的负荷很大。为此，在2 A下对WWW的EC进行了测试，施加​​了高达10 V的电压。在EC的不同施加时期（10至40分钟）中对原始WWW处理进行了实验室测试，并研究了去除效率。在进一步加工之前，证明了EC可以改善原始WWW的水质。在更长的处理时间内发现增强了WWW污染物的去除。 WWW的10分钟分批处理使生化需氧量（BOD）降低了16.4-27.9％，化学需氧量（COD）降低了28.2-41.9％，总磷降低了89.2％。鉴于WWW的高有机负荷，这涉及去除数千mgL〜（-1）COD。这促进了水生植物的进一步处理。处理23天后，采用漂浮的水生伞形伞形藻和凤眼凤梨分别以1：1的W：F稀释率去除了97.5和95.6％的BOD，相比之下，对照组为28.5％。事实证明，紧急植物（带草屑的盐沼）在去除99.2％的BOD和98.2％的COD方面非常有效。这些工厂在WWW的高有机负荷下表现良好。描述了原始WWW的两阶段处理方案。在第一阶段中，通过EC处理WWW，然后在第二阶段中纯化其有机负荷降低的废水，包括水生植物。最后，概述了拟议系统的经济方面。

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