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Removal of colloidal particles in ceramic depth filters based on diatomaceous earth

机译：基于硅藻土的陶瓷深层过滤器中胶体颗粒的去除

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摘要

Safe drinking water is still not accessible to more than 15% of the world's population. Decentralised water treatment with ceramic filter candles at the point-of-use (POU) level provides a low-cost and single-stage filtration process with which pathogenic microorganisms can be removed. However, the retention performance of such depth filters scatters for microbiological contaminants in literature. The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding on the removal mechanisms in ceramic depth filters based on the natural material diatomaceous earth (DE). Therefore, we manufactured so-called ceramic filter candles by ram-extrusion process and subjected these filters to a detailed physical characterisation regarding porosity, pore size distribution, specific surface area, flowrate, surface charge and microstruc-ture. Next, we investigated experimentally the removal of colloidal latex (polystyrene) particles having diameters from 100 to 500 nm under various ionic strengths. Such particles were found to be removed due to adsorption of the colloids. Extended DLVO-theory was used to investigate the forces that account for the adsorption suggesting that hydrophobic interactions drag latex particles onto specific adsorption sites of the filter. It is hypothesised that these specific adsorption sites originate from the unique nano-structured surface of the diatomaceous earth. Furthermore, we believe that such latex particles may be suitable to model the removal of microorganisms if the surrogate and the target pathogen have similar characteristics.
机译：超过15％的世界人口仍然无法获得安全的饮用水。在使用点（POU）级别用陶瓷滤烛进行分散水处理可提供一种低成本的单阶段过滤过程，可用于去除病原微生物。然而，在文献中，这种深度过滤器的保留性能分散了微生物污染物。这项研究的目的是更好地了解基于天然材料硅藻土（DE）的陶瓷深度过滤器的去除机理。因此，我们通过冲压挤压工艺制造了所谓的陶瓷滤嘴蜡烛，并对这些滤嘴进行了有关孔隙率，孔径分布，比表面积，流量，表面电荷和微结构的详细物理表征。接下来，我们在各种离子强度下实验研究了直径为100至500 nm的胶乳（聚苯乙烯）颗粒的去除。发现这种颗粒由于胶体的吸附而被除去。扩展的DLVO理论用于研究引起吸附的力，这表明疏水性相互作用将胶乳颗粒拖到过滤器的特定吸附位上。假设这些特定的吸附位点源自硅藻土的独特的纳米结构表面。此外，我们相信，如果替代物和目标病原体具有相似的特征，则这种乳胶颗粒可能适合模拟微生物的去除。

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