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首页> 外文期刊>Seminars in cancer biology >Epigenetic mechanisms in the biology of prostate cancer.
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Epigenetic mechanisms in the biology of prostate cancer.

机译：前列腺癌生物学中的表观遗传机制。

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Prostate cancer is one of the most frequent cancers in males in Western industrialized countries. Its course is highly variable, from indolent to highly lethal. Genetic changes vary accordingly, with chromosomal losses, gains and translocations, although often recurrent, differing between individual cases of the disease. In contrast, certain epigenetic changes are highly consistent, in particular hypermethylation of a specific set of genes, and others regularly associated with progression, such as global DNA hypomethylation, certain chromatin modifications and altered levels and composition of polycomb complexes. Although changes in polycombs and DNA methylation appear to both accompany the progression of prostate cancer, recent studies do not suggest that they cause one another. However, they may contribute to establishing and maintaining an aberrant differentiation potential of prostate cancer initiating cells. Global DNA hypomethylation in prostate cancer may relate to adaptative changes in several signaling pathways typical of this cancer type, including innate immunity responses. Similarly, adaptative changes in the expression and function of chromatin regulators required to diminish the dependency of prostate cancer cells on androgens may shape the epigenome, beyond individual genes regulated by the androgen receptor. Because of their crucial role, epigenetic alterations may become highly useful for diagnostics and therapy of prostate cancer.
机译：在西方工业化国家，前列腺癌是男性中最常见的癌症之一。从无礼到致命，它的过程是高度可变的。遗传变化相应地变化，尽管疾病经常复发，但染色体损失，增加和易位，在疾病的各个病例之间有所不同。相反，某些表观遗传变化是高度一致的，特别是一组特定基因的甲基化过高，而其他一些与进展相关的规律性变化，例如总体DNA甲基化不足，某些染色质修饰以及多梳复合物的水平和组成发生了变化。尽管polycombs和DNA甲基化的变化似乎都伴随着前列腺癌的发展，但最近的研究并未表明它们会彼此引起。但是，它们可能有助于建立和维持前列腺癌起始细胞的异常分化潜能。前列腺癌中的总体DNA低甲基化可能与该类型癌症典型的几种信号通路的适应性变化有关，包括先天免疫应答。同样，减少前列腺癌细胞对雄激素依赖性的染色质调节剂的表达和功能的适应性变化可能会影响表观基因组，而不受雄激素受体调节的单个基因的影响。由于它们的关键作用，表观遗传学改变可能对前列腺癌的诊断和治疗非常有用。

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