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首页> 外文期刊>Seminars in cancer biology >JC virus: an oncogenic virus in animals and humans?
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JC virus: an oncogenic virus in animals and humans?

机译：JC病毒：动物和人类的致癌病毒？

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JC virus (JCV) is a human polyomavirus of the Polyomaviridae family, which also includes BK virus and simian vacuolating virus 40 (SV40). JC virus was first isolated in 1971 from the brain of a patient with Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML). Like other polyomaviruses, JCV has a restricted host range. The virus infects the majority of the human population with seroconversion occurring during adolescence. JCV has a limited and specific tissue tropism infecting the kidney and oligodendrocytes and astrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS). Initial JCV infection is generally asymptomatic in immunocompetent hosts, and it establishes a persistent infection in the kidney and possibly bone marrow. In immunocompromised individuals JCV can cause a lytic infection in the CNS and lead to development of the fatal, demyelinating disease PML. The name polyoma is derived from the Greek terms: poly, meaning many, and oma, meaning tumors, owing to the capacity of this group of viruses to cause tumors. JCV inoculation of small animal models and non-human primates, which are not permissive to a productive JCV infection, leads to tumor formation. Given the ubiquitous nature of the virus and its strong association with cancer in animal models, it is hypothesized that JCV plays a role in human cancers. However, the role for JCV in human cancers and tumor formation is not clear. Some researchers have reported an association of JCV with human cancers including brain tumors, colorectal cancers, and cancers of the gastrointestinal tract, while other groups report no correlation. Here, we review the role of JCV in cancers in animal models and present the findings on JCV in human cancers.
机译：JC病毒（JCV）是Polyomaviridae家族的人类多瘤病毒，还包括BK病毒和猿猴空泡病毒40（SV40）。 JC病毒最早于1971年从一名进行性多灶性白质脑病（PML）患者的大脑中分离出来。与其他多瘤病毒一样，JCV的宿主范围受到限制。该病毒感染青春期期间发生的血清转化。 JCV具有有限且特定的组织嗜性，感染肾脏以及中枢神经系统（CNS）中的少突胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞。最初的JCV感染在具有免疫能力的宿主中通常是无症状的，并且会在肾脏甚至骨髓中建立持续感染。在免疫功能低下的个体中，JCV可以引起CNS的溶菌感染，并导致致命的脱髓鞘疾病PML的发展。由于这组病毒引起肿瘤的能力，多瘤的名称来源于希腊语：poly（意思是poly）和oma（意思是肿瘤）。不允许生产性JCV感染的小动物模型和非人类灵长类动物的JCV接种会导致肿瘤形成。鉴于该病毒无处不在的性质及其在动物模型中与癌症的密切联系，据推测，JCV在人类癌症中发挥了作用。但是，JCV在人类癌症和肿瘤形成中的作用尚不清楚。一些研究人员报告了JCV与人类癌症的相关性，包括脑瘤，结肠直肠癌和胃肠道癌，而其他小组则没有相关性。在这里，我们回顾了JCV在动物模型癌症中的作用，并介绍了JCV在人类癌症中的发现。

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