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首页> 外文期刊>Seminars in Avian and Exotic Pet Medicine >Establishing reference intervals: health as a relative concept
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Establishing reference intervals: health as a relative concept

机译：建立参考间隔：健康作为一个相对概念

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The use of reference values to diagnose or screen for disease implies that health is a relative concept; clinical examination, evaluation of laboratory data, and diagnostic imaging findings all require comparison to a "normal" standard. "Normality"itself is also relative. Values obtained from exotic species in the wild may vary significantly from those obtained from captive animals of the same species; similarly, sex and age, to say nothing of season and reproductive and nutritional status, oftenimpose significant variation in "normal" values. Because health and disease are defined against "normal" or reference standards, the importance of appropriate reference values cannot be overstated: Unfortunately, in avian and reptile medicine, generationof appropriate sex-, age-, and species-specific reference values is often challenging owing to the difficulty in obtaining sufficient sample number and volume. Consequently, many clinical or diagnostic laboratories do not have their own reference valuesfor most species, and many of the diagnostic or clinical laboratories that provide reference values have obtained those values from the literature or from other diagnostic facilities. Finding reference values for some species is sufficient victory thatwe often forget to ascertain the appropriateness or even validity of those values. The aims of this report are to provoke the clinician to address the appropriateness of the reference values in use, to consider the source of the reference values in clinical decision making, and to provide recommended guidelines for generating population-based reference values.
机译：使用参考值诊断或筛查疾病意味着健康是一个相对的概念。临床检查，实验室数据评估和诊断性影像学发现均需要与“正常”标准进行比较。 “常态”本身也是相对的。从野生外来物种获得的价值可能与从同一物种的圈养动物获得的价值大不相同;同样，性别和年龄（更不用说季节，生殖和营养状况）通常会在“正常”值上产生明显差异。由于健康和疾病是根据“正常”或参考标准定义的，因此不能过分夸大适当参考值的重要性：不幸的是，在鸟类和爬行动物医学中，由于性别，年龄和物种特定的参考值的产生通常具有挑战性难以获得足够的样本数量和数量。因此，许多临床或诊断实验室对于大多数物种没有自己的参考值，并且许多提供参考值的诊断或临床实验室已经从文献或其他诊断机构获得了这些值。为某些物种找到参考值是足够的胜利，我们常常忘记确定这些值的适当性或有效性。本报告的目的是激发临床医生解决所使用参考值的适当性，在临床决策中考虑参考值的来源，并为生成基于人群的参考值提供建议的指南。

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