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首页> 外文期刊>Silva Fennica >Effects of Competing Vegetation and Post- Planting Weed Control on the Mortality, Growth and Vole Damages to Betula pendula Planted on Former Agricultural Land
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Effects of Competing Vegetation and Post- Planting Weed Control on the Mortality, Growth and Vole Damages to Betula pendula Planted on Former Agricultural Land

机译：竞争性植被和播种后杂草控制对以前农田上种植的桦的死亡率，生长和田鼠害的影响

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摘要

Effects of competing vegetation and weed control methods (fibre board mulch, cover crop of clover, various herbicides) on the survival and growth of and vole damage to silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) were analysed based on data from a field experiment established in southern Finland. The cover percentage of competing vegetation and its shading effect were assessed, and seedling size and vitality were recorded several times during the 11 -year research period. Mean seedling height and height increment decreased linearly with increasing vegetation cover. Seedling mortality started to significantly increase once the vegetation cover had reached the level of 60-80%. Herbicides significantly retarded increase of weed cover on the initially weedless areas for two to three years, and a cover crop promoted increase in cover percentage. Successful weed control with herbicides significantly increased seedling growth and survival. After 11 years, the average stem volume on the herbicide-treated plots (28.9m~3 ha~(-1)) was 2.5-fold as compared to that of the control plots (11.6 m~3 ha~(-1)). Furthermore, seedling mortality on the control plots (21%) was almost 3.5-fold as compared to the seedling mortality on herbicide-treated plots (6%). Having a cover crop proved to be an ineffective weed control method both in terms of seedling growth and survival. The application of mulch had only a slight effect on height increment (0.6 m in 11 years), but on the other hand, it considerably decreased seedling mortality (control: 21%, mulch treatment: 1.5%). These differences were not, however, statistically significant. Small seedling size, high shading class, and high vegetation coverage percentage increased the risk of voles damaging the seedlings.
机译：根据南部地区建立的田间试验数据，分析了竞争性植被和杂草控制方法（纤维板覆盖物，三叶草的覆盖作物，各种除草剂）对白桦（Betula pendula Roth）的生存，生长和田鼠的危害。芬兰。在为期11年的研究期内，评估了竞争性植被的覆盖率及其遮光效果，并多次记录了幼苗的大小和活力。平均幼苗高度和高度增量随着植被覆盖率的增加而线性下降。一旦植被覆盖率达到60-80％，幼苗死亡率便开始显着增加。除草剂在两到三年内显着阻碍了最初无草地区的杂草覆盖率增加，而覆盖作物促进了覆盖率的增加。用除草剂成功控制杂草可显着提高幼苗的生长和存活率。 11年后，除草剂处理过的地块（28.9m〜3 ha〜（-1））的平均茎体积是对照地块（11.6 m〜3 ha〜（-1））的2.5倍。 。此外，与经除草剂处理的地块的幼苗死亡率（6％）相比，对照地块的幼苗死亡率（21％）几乎是其3.5倍。无论从幼苗生长还是生存角度来看，覆盖作物都被证明是一种无效的杂草控制方法。覆盖物的施用仅对增高产生轻微影响（11年内为0.6 m），但另一方面，它大大降低了幼苗死亡率（对照：21％，覆盖物处理：1.5％）。但是，这些差异在统计上并不显着。幼苗体积小，遮荫等级高和植被覆盖率高，会增加田鼠损坏幼苗的风险。

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