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首页> 外文期刊>Small Fruits Review >The maintenance of fruiting potential through the winter for 'Merlot' grapevines grown in southwestern michigan
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The maintenance of fruiting potential through the winter for 'Merlot' grapevines grown in southwestern michigan

机译：密歇根州西南部的'Merlot'葡萄在整个冬季保持结实的潜力

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Several cold-tender Vitis vinifera winegrape varieties afford wine marketing opportunities in cool climate viticultural regions. However, in some of these regions, their survival through the winter is a major challenge. The 'Merlot' variety, as it is grown in southwest Michigan, presents such a situation. Therefore. 'Merlot' vines on C3309 rootstock were evaluated on a southwest Michigan farm for a 5-year period to determine the ability of several treatments to preserve the fruiting potential of vines through the winter. Vines were managed with a combination of the fan training system and renewal spurs near the graft union so that trunk renewal canes near the graft union were capable of being laid along the ground. Treatments were: (a) Control-nofall vine manipulation, and pruning performed in the spring: (b) Canes Near Ground (CNG)-vines pruned to two-to-four trunk renewal canes per vine in the fall and tied to a trellis wire 20 cm above ground: (c) Straw Mulch (SM)-same as CNG except canes were covered in the fall with straw; and (d) Bury Canes (BC)-same as CNG except canes were covered in the fall with approximately 10 cm of soil. Fall vine manipulations were performed as soon as vines were fully dormant. Canes that were over-wintered near the ground were attached to trellis in early spring and adjusted to a maximum of 40 live nodes per vine after growth began. Annual winter minimum temperatures at 0.2 m above ground (CNG treatment), under the straw mulch (SM treatment), and under the soil(BC treatment), respectively, averaged 1, 8 and 16 deg C warmer than the ambient air temperature (1.5 m above ground) over the 5-year period. Very low ambient air temperatures of -27 deg C and -28 deg C were experienced in two of the five winter periodsof this study. Subsequent to those low-temperature episodes, vines managed with SM and BC had significantly greater survival of nodes and greater yields than control vines. CNG was inconsistent in performance. The lowest annual yields for the control, CNG, SM and BC treatments for the 5-year period were 3.1, 0.7, 8.3 and 6.7 t/ha. respectively. These data indicate that the SM and BC treatments provided more reliable production than the other treatments. Projects to commercialize the straw mulching and vine burial techniques used in this study are now underway.
机译：在寒冷气候的葡萄栽培地区，几种冷鲜的Vitis vinifera winegrape品种为葡萄酒销售提供了机会。但是，在其中一些地区，它们在冬季的生存是一个重大挑战。在密歇根州西南部种植的“梅洛”变种出现了这种情况。因此。在西南密歇根州农场对C3309砧木上的“梅洛”葡萄进行了为期5年的评估，以确定几种处理方法在整个冬季保持葡萄结实潜力的能力。葡萄藤通过风扇训练系统和移植物接合处附近的更新骨刺的组合进行管理，因此，移植物接合处附近的树干更新手杖能够沿地面铺设。处理方法是：（a）控制落下的葡萄藤，并在春季进行修剪：（b）秋季的藤条近地（CNG）藤被修剪成每棵葡萄藤有两到四个树干更新的藤条，并绑在格子上距地面20厘米的金属丝：（c）秸秆覆盖物（SM）-与CNG相同，只不过在秋天用甘草覆盖了甘蔗; （d）埋葬的手杖（BC）-与CNG相同，除了手杖在秋天被约10厘米的土壤覆盖。藤蔓完全休眠后，立即进行秋蔓处理。早春时，靠近地面过冬的甘蔗会被固定在格子上，生长开始后，每棵藤最多可调节40个活节。冬季每年地上最低温度（CNG处理），秸秆覆盖（SM处理）和土壤（BC处理）最低分别比环境温度高1、8和16摄氏度（1.5，CNG处理） 5年内的距离）。在该研究的五个冬季中的两个，经历了-27摄氏度和-28摄氏度的极低环境温度。在这些低温事件之后，SM和BC处理的葡萄藤比对照葡萄藤具有更大的节肢存活率和更高的产量。 CNG的表现不一致。对照，CNG，SM和BC处理的5年期最低年产量分别为3.1、0.7、8.3和6.7吨/公顷。分别。这些数据表明，SM和BC处理比其他处理提供了更可靠的生产。目前正在进行将本研究中使用的秸秆覆盖和葡萄掩埋技术商业化的项目。

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