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首页> 外文期刊>Social science and medicine >Beefing up with the Chans: evidence for the effects of relative income and income inequality on health from the China Health and Nutrition Survey.
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Beefing up with the Chans: evidence for the effects of relative income and income inequality on health from the China Health and Nutrition Survey.

机译：与Chans紧密接触：《中国健康与营养调查》证明相对收入和收入不平等对健康的影响。

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A great deal of research has examined the hypothesis that the well-being of individuals is shaped not just by the absolute level of resources available to them but also the level of resources available to them relative to others in their cohort or community. Several causal pathways have been hypothesized to explain associations between relative social position and health. For example, greater community income could increase the overall availability of health care in a community or decrease the availability for people for any given level of individual income. Relative social position could also create stress, resulting in adverse health outcomes through increased hypertension and other pathways. We explore yet another pathway by which relative social position may affect health. Specifically, to the extent that norms about physical appearance might be shaped by one's observations of others, we examine whether obesity might constitute another physiologic pathway by which community attributes could influence aspects of individual health, such as hypertension. We examine this hypothesis in rural China, where income often limits food intake so that, if community norms are an important determinant of individual obesity, higher community income could increase the obesity rate in a community and therefore change norms about obesity. These norms, in turn, could increase individuals' chances of being obese given their income. To test this hypothesis, we use multilevel linear probability models to examine the relationship between ecologic factors, i.e., relative income and income inequality, and health risk factors, i.e., obesity and hypertension among a sample of Chinese adults interviewed in four waves over 9 years. The results suggest that, among rural Chinese residents, increasing community average income and income inequality are positively associated with both obesity and hypertension. However, the effect of relative income on hypertension is not accounted for by increases in obesity. We did not find a strong relationship between socioeconomic conditions and the health risk factors among urban residents, where norms might be likely to be less strongly influenced by local attributes. Hence, the present study provides evidence supporting the hypothesis that relative income and income inequality affect obesity and hypertension, but no evidence that the effects on hypertension operated through effects on obesity.
机译：大量研究检验了以下假设，即个人的福祉不仅受到可提供给他们的绝对资源水平的影响，还受到相对于其同龄人或社区中其他人而言可利用的资源水平的影响。假设有几种因果路径可以解释相对社会地位和健康之间的关联。例如，增加社区收入可以增加社区中整体医疗保健的可用性，或者降低任何给定水平的个人收入给人们的可用性。相对的社会地位也可能产生压力，通过增加高血压和其他途径导致不良健康后果。我们探索了另一条相对的社会地位可能影响健康的途径。具体而言，在某种程度上，有关外观的规范可能会因他人的观察结果而成形，我们研究了肥胖是否可能构成另一种生理途径，社区属性可通过该途径影响个体健康的各个方面，例如高血压。我们在中国农村考察了这一假设，那里的收入通常会限制食物的摄入量，因此，如果社区规范是个体肥胖的重要决定因素，那么较高的社区收入会增加社区的肥胖率，从而改变肥胖的规范。反过来，这些准则可能会增加个人因收入而肥胖的机会。为了检验该假设，我们使用多级线性概率模型来检验生态因素（即相对收入和收入不平等）与健康风险因素（即肥胖和高血压）之间的关系，这些样本在9年内进行了四次调查，共经过四波调查。结果表明，在中国农村居民中，社区平均收入的增加和收入不平等与肥胖和高血压均呈正相关。但是，相对收入对高血压的影响不能归因于肥胖的增加。我们没有发现城市居民的社会经济状况与健康风险因素之间存在密切的关系，因为当地居民对规范的影响可能较小。因此，本研究提供了支持相对收入和收入不平等影响肥胖和高血压这一假说的证据，但没有证据表明对高血压的影响是通过对肥胖的影响而实现的。

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