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首页> 外文期刊>Soil & Tillage Research >Development of soil physical parameters in agricultural reclamation after brown coal mining within the first four years. (Special Issue: Development of soil structure and functions: How can mechanical and hydraulic approaches contribute to quantify soil structure dynamics?)
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Development of soil physical parameters in agricultural reclamation after brown coal mining within the first four years. (Special Issue: Development of soil structure and functions: How can mechanical and hydraulic approaches contribute to quantify soil structure dynamics?)

机译：褐煤开采后头四年内农业开垦中土壤物理参数的发展。 （特刊：土壤结构和功能的发展：机械和水力方法如何有助于量化土壤结构动力学？）

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In Lusatia, Eastern Germany, the largest German brown coal (lignite) mining area is located. We study agricultural reclamation of open cast brown coal mining areas over the reclamation period of seven years which is in Germany by law the fixed time after which the agricultural areas are resold to farmers and agricultural cooperatives. This paper shows the development of selected soil physical parameters within the first three and four years of reclamation in dependence of organic fertilization, soil tillage and crop rotation. The sandy substrate which is used to reconstruct the post mining landscape is of Saaleian origin, free of recent organic matter and characterized by a homogeneous fabric. During excavation, deposition on stockpiles and levelling, the substrate becomes partly severely compacted due to extensive mechanical stresses. The extent of induced stresses depends on the contact area pressure and on the number of wheel passes of the levelling machinery during these processes. In this context we investigated the effect of different organic soil additives in combination with different crop rotations on the development of soil structure. The experimental area was reconstructed in 2006 and 2007. Directly after site construction, undisturbed soil samples were taken to characterize the initial mechanical and hydraulic properties of the substrate. Three and four years later again undisturbed samples on selected sub plots were taken. In 2010 samples from plots where Alfalfa had been cultivated for three years were collected. The Alfalfa plots were wheeled only twice per year, once for fertilization and once to cut and chaff the biomass. In 2011 samples from plots with annual ploughing and seedbed preparation were taken to show the effects of different crops and tillage intensities in combination with varying soil organic fertilizers on soil structure development. Furthermore, we evaluated the persistence of the loosening effect of subsoiling in dependence on the reclamation practice. First results of our on-going experimental study indicate that initial soil physical properties are very variable on the sub plots. After three and four years, no loosening effect of deep loosening was found anymore. The comparison of the minimum tilled plots (Alfalfa) with the plots of medium tillage intensity showed that with decreasing soil tillage intensity the functionality of the pore system (saturated hydraulic conductivity, air permeability) is improved.
机译：在德国东部的卢萨蒂亚（Lusatia），是德国最大的褐煤（褐煤）矿区。我们研究了露天褐煤开采区在7年的复垦期内的农业复垦，这在德国是法律规定的固定时间，在此之后将农业区转售给农民和农业合作社。本文显示了在开垦的前三年和四年中，根据有机肥，土壤耕作和作物轮作的不同土壤物理参数的发展情况。用来重建采矿后景观的沙质底物是萨勒（Saaleian）起源的，不含近期的有机物，其特征是均质的织物。在开挖，堆积物堆积和整平过程中，由于广泛的机械应力，基材会被部分严重压实。在这些过程中，感应应力的大小取决于接触面积压力以及校平机械的车轮通过次数。在这种情况下，我们研究了不同有机土壤添加剂与不同作物轮作组合对土壤结构发育的影响。在2006年和2007年对实验区域进行了重建。在现场施工后，立即采集了未扰动的土壤样品，以表征基材的初始力学和水力特性。三年和四年后，再次在选定的子图中采集了未受干扰的样本。 2010年，收集了紫花苜蓿种植了三年的地块的样品。每年紫花苜蓿地块轮转两次，一次用于施肥，一次用于切割和剥皮生物质。 2011年，从具有年度耕作和苗床准备工作的样地中取样，以显示不同作物和耕种强度结合不同的土壤有机肥对土壤结构发育的影响。此外，我们根据开垦实践评估了深松的松动效果的持久性。我们正在进行的实验研究的初步结果表明，在子图上初始土壤物理性质变化很大。三四年后，再也没有发现深松的松动效果。最小耕作区（Alfalfa）与中等耕作强度图的比较表明，随着土壤耕作强度的降低，孔隙系统的功能（饱和导水率，透气性）得到改善。

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