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首页> 外文期刊>Soil & Tillage Research >Contour furrows for in situ soil and water conservation, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia.
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Contour furrows for in situ soil and water conservation, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia.

机译：埃塞俄比亚北部提格里的轮廓沟，用于就地水土保持。

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In Tigray (Northern Ethiopia), soil moisture has been identified as the most limiting factor in agricultural production; on the other hand, loss of rain water through runoff as well as the induced soil loss has been determined as a critical problem in the region in the last two to three decades. To alleviate the above paradox, the government has mobilized communities and resources for the construction of physical soil and water conservation structures (stone bunds, terraces) in almost all land uses. However, yield improvement was mainly concentrated within the vicinity of the structures and runoff continued to overtop the structures, as no measures for in situ soil conservation were taken. The terwah system, consisting of traditional ploughing followed by making every 1.5-2 m contour furrows, and permanent raised beds with contour furrows at 60-70 cm interval treatments, were considered and evaluated as practices that could increase the efficiency of in situ water utilization and soil conservation. An experiment was started in Gum Selasa, which is one of the drought prone areas in Tigray, whereby runoff volume and sediment load were measured after every rain event. Permanent raised beds with contour furrows at 60-70 cm interval significantly (P<0.05) reduced runoff volume, runoff coefficient and soil loss as compared to traditional ploughing: 255, 381 and 653 m3 ha-1 runoff was recorded from permanent bed, terwah and traditional ploughing, respectively during the whole cropping season. The above runoff induced 4.7 t ha-1 soil loss from permanent bed, 7.6 t ha-1 from terwah and 19.5 t ha-1 from traditional ploughing. Overall, contour furrows and permanent raised beds can be part of the ongoing intensification process which includes physical soil and water conservation, slope reforestation, irrigation development and agro forestry in crop lands. Moreover, the use of permanent raised beds if combined with crop mulching and crop diversification is an important component for the development of sustainable conservation agriculture practices in the region.
机译：在提格雷（埃塞俄比亚北部），土壤水分已被确定为农业生产中的最大限制因素。另一方面，在过去的两到三十年中，该地区已确定了通过径流流失雨水以及由此引发的土壤流失这一重大问题。为了缓解上述矛盾，政府动员了社区和资源来在几乎所有土地用途中建设有形的水土保持结构（石堤，梯田）。但是，由于未采取任何措施来保持土壤原位，因此产量的提高主要集中在结构附近，径流继续超过结构。考虑并评估了 terwah 系统，该系统包括传统的耕作，随后每1.5-2 m进行一次等高线犁沟，以及在60-70 cm间隔处进行永久性高架床，等高线沟的处理。原位水利用效率和水土保持。在蒂格雷（Tigray）干旱多发地区之一的Gum Selasa进行了一项实验，在每次降雨后测量径流量和泥沙量。与传统耕作相比，具有60-70 cm间隔的轮廓沟的永久性高架床显着（ P <0.05）减少了径流量，径流系数和土壤流失：255、381和653 m 3在整个种植季节分别记录了 ha -1 的径流，这些径流来自永久性河床， terwah 和传统耕作。上述径流导致永久性床土流失4.7 t ha -1 ，terih 土流失7.6 t ha -1 和19.5 t ha -1 来自传统耕作总体而言，轮廓沟和永久性高架床可以成为正在进行的集约化过程的一部分，集约化过程包括水土保持，坡地重新造林，灌溉发展和农田耕作。此外，如果将永久性高架床与农作物覆盖物和农作物多样化结合使用，则是发展该地区可持续保护性农业做法的重要组成部分。

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