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首页> 外文期刊>Soil Biology & Biochemistry >Direct, positive feedbacks produce instability in models of interrelationships among soil structure, plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
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Direct, positive feedbacks produce instability in models of interrelationships among soil structure, plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

机译：直接，积极的反馈会在土壤结构，植物和丛枝菌根真菌之间的相互关系模型中产生不稳定

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Current conceptual models of reciprocal interactions linking soil structure, plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi emphasise positive feedbacks among the components of the system. However, dynamical systems with high dimensionality and several positive feedbacks (i.e. mutualism) are prone to instability. Further, organisms such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are obligate biotrophs of plants and are considered major biological agents in soil aggregate stabilization. With these considerations in mind, we developed dynamical models of soil ecosystems that reflect the main features of current conceptual models and empirical data, especially positive feedbacks and linear interactions among plants, AMF and the component of soil structure dependent on aggregates. We found that systems become increasingly unstable the more positive effects with Type I functional response (i.e., the growth rate of a mutualist is modified by the density of its partner through linear proportionality) are added to the model, to the point that increasing the realism of models by adding linear effects produces the most unstable systems. The present theoretical analysis thus offers a framework for modelling and suggests new directions for experimental studies on the interrelationship between soil structure, plants and AMF. Non-linearity in functional responses, spatial and temporal heterogeneity, and indirect effects can be invoked on a theoretical basis and experimentally tested in laboratory and field experiments in order to account for and buffer the local instability of the simplest of current scenarios. This first model presented here may generate interest in more explicitly representing the role of biota in soil physical structure, a phenomenon that is typically viewed in a more process- and management-focused context.
机译：当前将土壤结构，植物和丛枝菌根真菌联系起来的相互作用的概念模型强调了系统各组成部分之间的积极反馈。但是，具有高维数和几个正反馈（即互惠主义）的动力学系统容易不稳定。此外，诸如丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）之类的生物是植物的专性生物营养素，被认为是土壤聚集稳定的主要生物因子。考虑到这些考虑因素，我们开发了土壤生态系统的动力学模型，该模型反映了当前概念模型和经验数据的主要特征，特别是植物，AMF和依赖聚集体的土壤结构成分之间的正反馈和线性相互作用。我们发现，随着类型I功能响应的积极影响（即，互助者的增长率通过线性比例由其伙伴的密度修改），系统变得越来越不稳定，以至于增加了真实感。通过添加线性效应来建立模型集会产生最不稳定的系统。因此，目前的理论分析为建模提供了框架，并为土壤结构，植物与AMF之间相互关系的实验研究提供了新的方向。可以在理论基础上调用功能响应，空间和时间异质性以及间接影响中的非线性，并在实验室和现场实验中进行实验测试，以解决和缓冲当前最简单场景的局部不稳定性。这里介绍的第一个模型可能会引起人们对更明确地表示生物群在土壤物理结构中的作用的兴趣，这种现象通常在以过程和管理为重点的环境中观察到。

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