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Soil bacterial growth and nutrient limitation along a chronosequence from a glacier forefield

机译：冰川前场沿时间序列的土壤细菌生长和养分限制

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Resource availability and limiting factors for bacterial growth during early stages of soil development (8-138 years) were studied along a chronosequence from the glacial forefield of the Damma glacier in the Swiss Alps. We determined bacterial growth (leucine incorporation) and we investigated which resource (C, N or P) limited bacterial growth in soils formed by the retreating glacier. The latter was determined by adding labile sources of C (glucose), N and P to soil samples and then measuring the bacterial growth response after a 40 h incubation period. Bacterial growth increased with increasing soil age in parallel with the build up of organic matter. However, lower bacterial growth, when standardized to the amount of organic C, was found with time since the glacier retreat, indicating decreasing availability of soil organic matter with soil age. Bacterial growth in older soils was limited by the lack of C. The bacteria were never found to be limited by only N, only P, or N + P. In the youngest soils, however, neither the addition of C, N nor P singly increased bacterial growth, while a combination of C and N did. Bacterial growth was relatively more limited by lack of N than P when the C limitation was alleviated, suggesting that N was the secondary limiting resource. The availability of N for bacterial growth increased with time, as seen by an increased bacterial growth response after adding only C in older soils. This study demonstrated that bacterial growth measurements can be used not only to indicate direct growth effects, but also as a rapid method to indicate changes in bacterial availability of nutrients during soil development.
机译：根据瑞士阿尔卑斯山达马冰川冰川前场的时间序列，研究了土壤发育早期阶段（8-138年）的资源可用性和细菌生长的限制因素。我们确定了细菌的生长（亮氨酸掺入），并研究了哪种资源（C，N或P）限制了后退冰川形成的土壤中细菌的生长。后者是通过向土壤样品中添加不稳定的C（葡萄糖），N和P来源，然后在40 h的孵育期后测量细菌的生长反应来确定的。细菌的生长随着土壤年龄的增加而增加，同时有机物的积累也随之增加。然而，自冰川退缩以来，随着时间的推移，发现细菌的生长降低（标准化为有机碳的量）随着时间的流逝，表明随着土壤年龄的增长，土壤有机质的利用率降低。在较老的土壤中细菌的生长受到缺乏C的限制。从未发现细菌仅受N，P或N + P的限制。但是，在最年轻的土壤中，既不添加C，N也不磷C和N的结合确实增加了细菌的生长。当缓解C限制时，由于缺少N而使细菌生长受到的限制比P限制的多，这表明N是次要的限制资源。在较老的土壤中仅添加C后，细菌生长响应增加，这说明细菌生长中N的有效性随时间增加。这项研究表明，细菌生长测量不仅可以用于指示直接的生长效应，还可以作为指示土壤发育过程中养分细菌利用率变化的快速方法。

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