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首页> 外文期刊>Soil Biology & Biochemistry >Relationship between soil enzyme activities, nutrient cycling and soil fungal communities in a northern hardwood forest
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Relationship between soil enzyme activities, nutrient cycling and soil fungal communities in a northern hardwood forest

机译：北方阔叶林土壤酶活性，养分循环与土壤真菌群落之间的关系

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Soil fungi are highly diverse and act as the primary agents of nutrient cycling in forests. These fungal communities are often dominated by mycorrhizal fungi that form mutually beneficial relationships with plant roots and some mycorrhizal fungi produce extracellular and cell-bound enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of nitrogen (N)- and phosphorus (P)- containing compounds in soil organic matter. Here we investigated whether the community structure of different types of mycorrhizal fungi (arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal fungi) is correlated with soil chemistry and enzyme activity in a northern hardwood forest and whether these correlations change over the growing season. We quantified these relationships in an experimental paired plot study where white-tailed deer (access or excluded 4.5 yrs) treatment was crossed with garlic mustard (presence or removal 1 yr). We collected soil samples early and late in the growing season and analyzed them for soil chemistry, extracellular enzyme activity and molecular analysis of both arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal/saprotrophic fungal communities using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP). AM fungal communities did not change seasonally but were positively correlated with the activities of urease and leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), enzymes involved in N cycling. The density of garlic mustard was correlated with the presence of specific AM fungal species, while deer exclusion or access had no effect on either fungal community after 4.5 yrs. Ectomycorrhizal/saprotrophic fungal communities changed seasonally and were positively correlated with most soil enzymes, including enzymes involved in carbon (C), N and P cycling, but only during late summer sampling. Our results suggest that fine scale temporal and spatial changes in soil fungal communities may affect soil nutrient and carbon cycling. Although AM fungi are not generally considered capable of producing extracellular enzymes, the correlation between some AM taxa and the activity of N acquisition enzymes suggests that these fungi may play a role in forest understory N cycling.
机译：土壤真菌种类繁多，是森林中养分循环的主要媒介。这些真菌群落通常以菌根真菌为主导，该菌根真菌与植物根系形成互利关系，某些菌根真菌产生细胞外和细胞结合酶，催化土壤有机质中含氮（N）和磷（P）的化合物的水解。 。在这里，我们调查了北部硬木森林中不同类型的菌根真菌（丛枝菌和外生菌根真菌）的群落结构是否与土壤化学和酶活性相关，以及这些相关性在整个生长期是否发生变化。我们在一项成对实验研究中对这些关系进行了量化，在该研究中，白尾鹿（接近或排除4.5年）与大蒜芥菜（存在或去除1年）杂交。我们在生长季节的早期和晚期收集了土壤样品，并使用末端限制性片段长度多态性（TRFLP）对土壤化学，胞外酶活性和丛枝菌根（AM）和外生菌根/腐生真菌群落的分子分析进行了分析。 AM真菌群落没有季节性变化，但与尿素酶和亮氨酸氨基肽酶（LAP）（参与氮循环的酶）的活性呈正相关。蒜芥的密度与特定AM真菌种类的存在相关，而在4.5年后，鹿的排除或获取对这两种真菌群落均没有影响。外生菌根/腐生真菌群落随季节变化，并且与大多数土壤酶（包括参与碳（C），氮和磷循环的酶）呈正相关，但仅在夏末采样期间。我们的结果表明，土壤真菌群落的精细时空变化可能会影响土壤养分和碳循环。尽管通常不认为AM真菌能够产生细胞外酶，但某些AM类群与N采集酶活性之间的相关性表明这些真菌可能在森林地下N循环中发挥作用。

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