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OORSIG VAN DIE SONNEBLOMBEDRYF IN SUID-AFRIKA

机译：南非的向日葵产业概述

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摘要

Plant oil and plant protein markets are interrelated. Present needs for sunflower cooking oil, margarine and salad oil are 400 000 tons, and for protein seed cakes for animal feeds 505 000 tons per annum. Other sources of oil and/or protein are soybeans, cotton seed, maize germ, canola, peanuts, palm oil and fish oil. Sunflower is grown on the Highveld of the summer rainfall region, with 46,1% of the total crop produced in the Free State province. Low sunflower production during the past four years and during the mid-eighties, was mainly due to drought conditions, although the extent of plantings was also influenced by seed crop prices. The oilseeds industry developed in a single-channel market with fixed prices and quantitative import control. Recently a free market system commenced, necessitating the closure of a number of seed pressing facilities in the interior, to the advantage of coastal ones that can import unrefined oil more cheaply than transporting seeds from the interior production areas. Present industry problems include greater oilseed production in neighbouring (SADC) countries; changing world prices which can result in cheaper imports; high transport costs within South Africa; cash flow problems for producers when their seed harvests have to be stored for up to 10 months.
机译：植物油和植物蛋白市场相互关联。向日葵食用油，人造黄油和色拉油目前的需求量为40万吨，动物饲料的蛋白籽饼每年需要50.5万吨。油和/或蛋白质的其他来源是大豆，棉籽，玉米胚芽，低芥酸菜子，花生，棕榈油和鱼油。向日葵生长在夏季降雨地区的Highveld上，其中Free State省的总产量为46,1％。在过去的四年中和八十年代中期，向日葵产量低下的主要原因是干旱条件，尽管播种面积也受到种子作物价格的影响。油籽产业在具有固定价格和定量进口管制的单一渠道市场中发展。最近，建立了一个自由市场体系，必须关闭内部的许多压种子设施，以利用沿海设施的优势，因为沿海设施可以比从内部生产区运输种子更便宜地进口未精制油。当前的行业问题包括邻国（SADC）的油籽产量增加;变化的世界价格可能导致进口价格降低;南非境内的高运输成本;当生产者的种子收成必须保存长达10个月时，生产者就会遇到现金流问题。

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