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Carbon offsets and inequality: Social costs and co-benefits in Guatemala and Sri Lanka.

机译:碳补偿和不平等:危地马拉和斯里兰卡的社会成本和共同利益。

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摘要

The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol is designed to reduce global CO_2 emissions while transferring technology and investment to developing countries. Little evaluation has been conducted, however, regarding the efficiency of outcomes and co-benefits or the social costs generated by carbon-mitigation projects. This article presents a comparative case study of two carbon-offset projects funded by fossil-fuel based power generation companies in the United States: the first forestry project funded explicitly to offset greenhouse gas emissions, in Guatemala, and the first rural solar electrification-carbon offset finance agreement, in Sri Lanka. We demonstrate that achieving offset targets and development-related benefits from CDM projects cannot be assumed, and that social equity can be negatively impacted by CDM-type projects. As such, future offset agreements and post-Kyoto climate negotiations would benefit from closer attention to issues of context, transparency, and social equity in order to minimize the social costs of carbon emissions trading.
机译:《京都议定书》的清洁发展机制(CDM)旨在减少全球CO_2排放,同时将技术和投资转移给发展中国家。然而,关于成果和共同效益的效率,或碳减排项目所产生的社会成本,几乎没有进行评估。本文提供了由美国以化石燃料为基础的发电公司资助的两个碳补偿项目的比较案例研究:危地马拉的第一个明确资助抵消温室气体排放的林业项目,以及第一个农村太阳能电气化碳斯里兰卡的抵消性金融协议。我们证明,不能假设通过CDM项目实现抵消目标和与发展相关的收益,并且CDM类型的项目会对社会公平产生负面影响。这样,未来的抵消协议和后京都气候谈判将受益于对环境,透明度和社会公平问题的更密切关注,以最大程度地减少碳排放交易的社会成本。

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