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The Livelihood Impacts of Payments for Environmental Services and Implications for REDD+

机译：环境服务付款对民生的影响及其对REDD +的影响

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摘要

International discussions on reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) foresee payment for environmental services (PES) schemes as an important mechanism to provide local incentives for the conservation and enhancement of carbon stocks. There are concerns, however, about the potential impacts of REDD+ and PES on local livelihoods. This article assesses the livelihood impacts of seven existing PES schemes using a comparative case study approach, and reviews lessons for the design of REDD+. It finds that PES schemes provided some livelihood benefits to participants, particularly in terms of building individual participants’ and community institutions’ capacity, and in some cases contributing to income. Insights for the design of PES for REDD+ schemes are derived in relation to the issues of the role of intermediaries, individual versus collective contracts, payment schedules and amounts, conditionality and permanence, and property and access rights.
机译：有关减少森林砍伐和森林退化（REDD +）排放的国际讨论预见，环境服务付费（PES）计划是提供本地激励措施以保护和增加碳储存的重要机制。但是，人们担心REDD +和PES对当地生计的潜在影响。本文使用比较案例研究方法评估了七个现有PES计划对民生的影响，并回顾了REDD +设计的经验教训。研究发现，PES计划为参与者提供了一些生计利益，特别是在建立个人参与者和社区机构的能力方面，在某些情况下还为收入做出了贡献。针对中介机构的作用，个人合同与集体合同，付款时间表和金额，附条件和永久性以及财产和使用权等问题，得出了针对REDD +计划的PES设计的见解。

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