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首页> 外文期刊>South African Journal of Agricultural Extension >A SURVEY OF TRADITIONAL BEEF, CATTLE FARMERS IN SOUTHERN BOTSWANA: DEMOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS AND ADOPTION OF CERTAIN IMPROVED MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
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A SURVEY OF TRADITIONAL BEEF, CATTLE FARMERS IN SOUTHERN BOTSWANA: DEMOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS AND ADOPTION OF CERTAIN IMPROVED MANAGEMENT PRACTICES

机译：博茨瓦纳南部传统牛肉，牛群调查：人口统计学参数和采用某些改进的管理措施

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摘要

The aims of this survey were to characterise traditional beef cattle farmers and evaluate the adoption of certain improved management practices by these fanners in southern Botswana. The study was carried out over a period of 8 months i.e. March to October 2002. Demographic data, marital status, level of education, use of vaccination, record keeping, breeding system in use and management system used were collected from randomly chosen farmers using a formal questionnaire. A total of 71 beef cattle farmers were interviewed in 50 different villages of Kgatleng, Kweneng and Southern Districts of Botswana. Data were analysed using Procedure Frequency in Statistical Analysis System. The majority of the farmers were males (87%), aged over 35 years (83%),married (75%) and with either primary or no education (62%). The majority of the farmers (86%) practiced extensive management and did not keep production records (83%). Most farmers (99%) supplementary feed their animals and all farmefs (100%) vaccinatetheir animals against certain diseases. The majority of the farmers (94%) did not control the breeding season of their herds and the majority (87%) also let bulls run with cows all year round. Most of the sampled farmers (56%) used artificial insemination (AI) to improve the genetic quality of their cattle. The constraints, which prevented farmers from using AI were long distances (over 60 km) between cattle post and AI camp centre, limited carrying capacity of the AI camps, small numbers of cows permitted per farmer per breeding season (5) and cows which were pregnant during stocking at the beginning of the breeding season, farmers should be encouraged to know how to read and write to enable them to communicate better. Farmers should also be taught the benefits of controlling breeding and use of modern management practices such as use of AI and keeping production records. More AI camps should be set up to reduce the distance travelled by those farmers who are far way from an AI camp centres and alsoto accommodate more cows.
机译：这项调查的目的是描述传统肉牛养殖者的特征，并评估博茨瓦纳南部这些狂热者采用的某些改进的管理方法。该研究进行了8个月，即2002年3月至2002年10月。人口统计学数据，婚姻状况，受教育程度，疫苗接种的使用，记录保存，使用的育种系统和使用的管理系统是从随机选择的农民中收集的。正式问卷。博茨瓦纳的Kgatleng，Kweneng和南部地区的50个不同村庄共采访了71名肉牛农民。使用统计分析系统中的过程频率分析数据。大多数农民为男性（87％），年龄在35岁以上（83％），已婚（75％），初等或初等教育程度（62％）。大多数农民（86％）实行广泛管理，没有保留生产记录（83％）。大多数农民（99％）补充喂养动物，所有农场主（100％）为其动物接种某些疾病的疫苗。大多数农民（94％）没有控制他们的牛群的繁殖季节，而大多数农民（87％）也全年让公牛和母牛一起奔跑。大多数抽样农民（56％）使用人工授精（AI）来提高其牛的遗传质量。阻碍农民使用AI的限制因素包括：牛场和AI营地中心之间的距离较远（超过60公里），AI营地的承载能力有限，每个繁殖季节每个农民允许的母牛数量少（5头）繁殖季节开始时在放养期间怀孕，应鼓励农民知道如何读写，以使他们更好地沟通。还应向农民传授控制育种和使用现代管理实践（如使用AI和保存生产记录）的好处。应该建立更多的AI营地，以减少远离AI营地中心的农民的行进距离，也可以容纳更多的母牛。

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