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首页> 外文期刊>Soil Science Society of America Journal >Organoclay-Based Formulations to Reduce the Environmental Impact of the Herbicide Diuron in Olive Groves
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Organoclay-Based Formulations to Reduce the Environmental Impact of the Herbicide Diuron in Olive Groves

机译：基于有机粘土的配方可减少Olive Groves中除草剂Diuron对环境的影响

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摘要

Ground and surface water contamination caused by undesirable transport losses of herbicides commonly applied to olive (Olea Europaea) groves in Spain and other Mediterranean countries is demanding strategies to reduce the environmental impact of such herbicides. In this work, organoclay-based formulations of a herbicide widely applied to olive groves, diuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl urea], were prepared by preadsorbing the herbicide on three organoclays. Then, the ability of the organoclay-based formulations to reduce the herbicide release rate and leaching potential in two soils as compared to a standard commercial formulation of the herbicide was assessed. The organoclays were obtained by treating Wyoming montmorillonite (SWy-2) and Arizona montmorillonite (SAz-1) with an amount of spermine (SPERM) or hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA) cations equal to 100% of the cation exchange capacity of the montmorillonites. Batch release and column leaching tests indicated that the organoclay-based formulations of diuron made the release of the herbicide slower and reduced its leaching potential in soils, as compared with a standard commercial formulation containing the herbicide in a readily available form. Soil incubation experiments revealed that the persistence of the herbicide applied to soil as organoclay-based formulations was only slightly prolonged compared with the herbicide applied in a readily available form, and that most herbicide in the formulations was ultimately available for degradation. The use of organoclay-based formulations is proposed as a strategy to reduce extensive transport losses associated with the application of diuron in high-risk scenarios, such as Mediterranean olive groves.
机译：由于通常在西班牙和其他地中海国家的橄榄树（Olea Europaea）树林中使用的除草剂的运输损失而造成的地下水和地表水污染，要求采取减少此类除草剂对环境的影响的战略。在这项工作中，通过将除草剂预吸附在三种有机粘土上，制备了基于有机粘土的除草剂制剂，该除草剂广泛用于橄榄树，敌草隆[3-（3,4-二氯苯基）-1,1-二甲基脲]。然后，与除草剂的标准商业制剂相比，评估了基于有机粘土的制剂在两种土壤中降低除草剂释放速率和浸出潜力的能力。通过用等于蒙脱石的阳离子交换能力的100％的精胺（SPERM）或十六烷基三甲基铵（HDTMA）阳离子处理怀俄明州蒙脱石（SWy-2）和亚利桑那州蒙脱石（SAz-1）获得有机粘土。与含有易于获得的除草剂的标准商业制剂相比，分批释放和柱浸出试验表明，基于杜伦的有机粘土制剂使除草剂的释放变慢，并降低了其在土壤中的浸出潜力。土壤温育实验表明，与以易于获得的形式施用的除草剂相比，以有机粘土基制剂形式施用到土壤中的除草剂的持久性仅略微延长了，并且制剂中的大多数除草剂最终都可用于降解。提议使用基于有机粘土的配方作为减少与敌草隆在高风险情况下（如地中海橄榄林）中施用有关的大量运输损失的策略。

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