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A new model for dung decomposition and phosphorus transformations and loss in runoff

机译：粪便分解，磷转化及径流损失的新模型

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摘要

Non point-source pollution of fresh waters by agricultural phosphorus (P) can accelerate eutrophication of surface waters and limit their use for drinking, recreation, and industry. An important pathway of agricultural P transport is surface runoff, to which unincorporated dung from grazing cattle can be a significant contributor. Computer models commonly used to identify agricultural areas with a high potential for P export do not adequately simulate dung application to the soil surface, dung disappearance, and dung P loss to runoff. We developed a new model to simulate these processes for grazing cattle dung. The model simulates dung organic matter decomposition and assimilation into soil by bioturbation as a function of air temperature and dung moisture. We validated that the model can accurately predict rates of dung disappearance, using data from 12 published studies. The model also simulates four pools of inorganic and organic P, P mineralisation to water-extractable P, leaching of dung water-extractable P into soil by rain, and loss of dissolved inorganic P in runoff. We validated the ability of the model to reliably simulate these P processes, using data from six published dung P transformation studies and six runoff studies. Overall, the model represents a novel approach for assessing the environmental impact of grazing dairy and beef cattle. Research should investigate the impact of dung deposition rate as a function of time and animal diet and type, where deposition occurs relative to runoff movement, weather conditions, and the ability of dung pad crusting to reduce P release to runoff.
机译：农业磷（P）对淡水的非点源污染会加速地表水的富营养化，并限制其在饮用，娱乐和工业中的使用。农业磷运输的重要途径是地表径流，来自放牧牛的粪便粪便可能是造成地表径流的重要因素。通常用于识别具有高磷输出潜力的农业地区的计算机模型不能充分模拟粪便在土壤表面的施用，粪便的消失以及粪便中磷的流失。我们开发了一个新模型来模拟这些牛粪放牧过程。该模型模拟粪便有机物通过生物扰动分解和吸收到土壤中的温度和粪便湿度的关系。我们使用来自12项已发表研究的数据验证了该模型可以准确预测粪便消失的速度。该模型还模拟了四个无机和有机磷矿床，磷矿化成可水萃取的磷，通过雨水将粪便可水萃取的磷淋溶到土壤中以及径流中溶解的无机磷的损失。我们使用来自六个已发表的粪便P转化研究和六个径流研究的数据，验证了该模型可靠模拟这些P过程的能力。总体而言，该模型代表了一种评估放牧奶牛和肉牛对环境影响的新颖方法。研究应调查粪便沉积速率随时间和动物饮食和类型的变化的影响，其中沉积相对于径流运动，天气条件以及粪便结s降低磷向径流释放的能力而发生。

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