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首页> 外文期刊>Soil Science and Plant Nutrition >Changes in fungal community structure in bulk soil and spinach rhizosphere soil after chemical fumigation as revealed by 18S rDNA PCR-DGGE.
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Changes in fungal community structure in bulk soil and spinach rhizosphere soil after chemical fumigation as revealed by 18S rDNA PCR-DGGE.

机译：18S rDNA PCR-DGGE揭示了化学熏蒸处理后散装土壤和菠菜根际土壤真菌群落结构的变化。

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To analyze the impact of chloropicrin and 1,3-dichloropropene on fungal community structure in bulk soil and spinach rhizosphere soil in a field, developed a new nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method to facilitate the detection of major fungal taxa and we used the method to monitor 18S rDNA PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles for 3 years. The cropping system consisted of soil fumigation in September and two subsequent consecutive spinach cultivations each year. The soil was treated with fumigants (chloropicrin at 20 mL m-2 or 1,3-dichloropropene at 32 mL m-2) and covered with polyethylene film for approximately 2 weeks. The nested PCR method with primer pairs AU2/AU4 and GC-FR1/FF390 successfully amplified sequences from all major fungal taxa, but not from plants or oomycetes, which were amplified from rhizosphere soil samples using direct PCR with the primer pair GC-FR1/FF390. The DGGE analysis of the nested PCR products indicated that the chloropicrin treatment had a greater impact on the fungal community than 1,3-dichloropropene, both in terms of the magnitude and duration of the effect. Chloropicrin treatment changed DGGE profiles drastically and reduced the diversity index H' in both bulk soil and rhizosphere soil 2 months after fumigation. Profiles and diversity indices did not recover completely after 1 year. Bands with high sequence similarity to ascomycetous fungi decreased in intensity and, conversely, bands inferred to represent chytridiomycota became dominant. In contrast, 1,3-dichloropropene did not reduce the diversity index significantly after 2 months. The DGGE profiles of 1,3-dichloropropene plots revealed a smaller change 2 months after fumigation, but became indistinguishable from those of control plots after 6 months. Spinach cultivation also affected the soil fungal community structure because the differences in DGGE profiles between control and chloropicrin plots were smaller in rhizosphere soil than in bulk soil 2 months after fumigation. These results suggest that the rhizosphere effect may contribute to minimizing the effect of chemical fumigation..
机译：为了分析氯吡啶和1,3-二氯丙烯对田间散装土壤和菠菜根际土壤真菌群落结构的影响，开发了一种新的巢式聚合酶链反应（PCR）方法，以方便检测主要真菌类群。监测18S rDNA PCR变性梯度凝胶电泳（DGGE）谱的方法为3年。种植系统包括9月份的土壤熏蒸和每年两次的连续菠菜种植。用熏蒸剂（20 mL m-2的氯吡啶或32 mL m-2的1,3-二氯丙烯）处理土壤，并用聚乙烯薄膜覆盖约2周。使用引物对AU2 / AU4和GC-FR1 / FF390的巢式PCR方法成功地扩增了所有主要真菌类群的序列，但没有从植物或卵菌中扩增出序列，这些序列是使用直接PCR和引物对GC-FR1 /从根际土壤样品中扩增得到的FF390。巢式PCR产物的DGGE分析表明，就影响的程度和持续时间而言，与1，3-二氯丙烯相比，氯氰菊酯处理对真菌群落的影响更大。熏蒸后2个月，氯霉素处理彻底改变了DGGE的分布，并降低了散装土壤和根际土壤的多样性指数H'。概况和多样性指数在1年后没有完全恢复。与子囊菌具有高度序列相似性的条带强度降低，相反，推断代表糜菌的条带占优势。相反，1,3-二氯丙烯在2个月后并未显着降低多样性指数。 1，3-二氯丙烯样地的DGGE曲线在熏蒸后2个月显示出较小的变化，但在6个月后与对照样的变化没有区别。菠菜的种植也影响了土壤真菌的群落结构，因为熏蒸后2个月，根际土壤中对照样和氯仿样样之间DGGE分布的差异要小于散装土壤中的差异。这些结果表明，根际效应可能有助于最大程度地减少化学熏蒸的影响。

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