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首页> 外文期刊>South African Journal of Plant and Soil >Growth regulator manipulation of apple bud dormancy progressions under conditions of inadequate winter chilling.
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Growth regulator manipulation of apple bud dormancy progressions under conditions of inadequate winter chilling.

机译：在冬季寒冷不足的情况下，生长调节剂对苹果芽休眠进程的控制。

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摘要

Elgin (34 degrees S, 19 degrees E; 305 m.a.s.l.), typical of South African apple growing regions, accumulates 745 Utah Chill Units (CU) p.a. The chilling requirement of 'Golden Delicious' apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) is c.a. 1100 CU. Consequently, the chilling requirement is not satisfied and delayed foliation is common. The aim of this study was to use plant growth regulators (PGR's) to manipulate the progression of dormancy in order to reduce the - chilling requirement of 'Golden Delicious' shoots in mature commercial orchards. A trial was conducted in a commercial orchard in Elgin during the winters of 2004, 2006 and 2007. To advance the onset of dormancy, 250 mg l-1 abscisic acid (ABA) was sprayed several times during April and May of 2004 and 2006. To induce a shallower state of dormancy, cytokinins were applied during April and May of 2006 and 2007. Benzyl adenine (BA) was applied at concentrations between 250 and 1000 mg l-1 and forchorfenuron (CPPU) at 15 mg l-1 Progression of dormancy was assessed by harvesting shoots every 2-3 weeks from initial spray date until commercial rest breaking agents were applied in the orchard. The time interval for 50% of the shoots to exhibit budburst under controlled conditions was used as a parameter for depth of dormancy. Although shoots were sprayed on c.a. the same calendar dates each year and before any significant CU had accumulated, the physiological state of the buds at application varied from shallow to deep dormancy depending on the season. Therefore calendar dates were not a good criteria for spray applications and CU accumulation was not a prerequisite for the onset of dormancy. PGR's altered the dormancy progression of 'Golden Delicious' shoots. However, their efficacy was dependant on the dormancy status of the buds at the time of application. Furthermore, the effect was not sustainable. The trees appeared to "normalize" after a short period of time and consequently the PGRs had no effect on the dormancy release or budburst the following spring.
机译：埃尔金（南纬34度，东纬19度; 305 m.a.s.l.），典型的南非苹果种植区，每年累积745个犹他州低温单位（CU）。 “黄金美味”苹果（ Malus x domestica Borkh。）的冷藏要求为c.a。 1100 CU。因此，不能满足冷却要求，并且延迟叶片化是常见的。这项研究的目的是使用植物生长调节剂（PGR）来控制休眠的进程，以减少成熟商业果园中“金冠菜”枝条的低温需求。在2004年，2006年和2007年冬季，在埃尔金的一家商业果园中进行了一项试验。为了提高休眠的发生率，使用250 mg l -1 脱落酸（ABA） ）在2004年4月和5月和2006年5月进行了数次喷雾。为诱导休眠状态变浅，在2006年4月和5月和2007年期间应用了细胞分裂素。苄基腺嘌呤（BA）的使用浓度为250至1000 mg > l -1 和15 mg l -1 的甲壳虫脲（CPPU）通过每2个收获的芽来评估休眠的进程从最初的喷洒日期到果园使用商业休息破坏剂前-3周。将在受控条件下芽的50％出现芽芽的时间间隔用作休眠深度的参数。虽然芽喷在c.a.每年相同的日历日期，并且在未累积大量重要CU之前，根据季节的不同，芽的生理状态会从浅休眠到深休眠。因此，日历日期并不是喷施的良好标准，并且CU积累不是开始休眠的先决条件。 PGR改变了“金冠”芽的休眠进程。然而，它们的功效取决于施用时芽的休眠状态。此外，影响是不可持续的。树木在短时间后似乎“正常化”，因此，PGR对第二年春季的休眠释放或发芽没有影响。

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