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首页> 外文期刊>South African Journal of Wildlife Research >Foraging competition, vigilance and group size in two species of gregarious antelope
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Foraging competition, vigilance and group size in two species of gregarious antelope

机译：两种群居羚羊的觅食竞争，警惕性和群体规模

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摘要

In gregarious species, rates of foraging behaviour are often positively related to group size while there is simultaneously a negative relation between group size and vigilance. Although the mechanisms underlying these behavioural patterns are still incompletely understood, decreased predation risk or increased foraging competition in larger groups have been put forward as two possible explanations. Since most empirical tests of these two hypotheses have used manipulative experiments, they have mainly been limited to small-bodied species or to animals in captivity. Here we suggest a time-budget model to test for the causal effects of predation risk and foraging competition that does not necessitate manipulative approaches. We used this method on two species of gregarious antelope, blesbok (Damaliscus pygargus phillipsi) and impala (Aepyceros melampus). We suggest that increased foraging competition in large groups drives the negative relationship between vigilance and group size in these species. This study shows that observational data can be used to test explicit hypotheses on species that are logistically unsuitable for manipulative experiments, and also render support for hypotheses suggesting that factors unrelated to predation risk are involved in shaping the differences in vigilance rates over different group sizes in gregarious species.
机译：在群居的物种中，觅食行为的速率通常与群体的大小成正比，而群体的大小与警惕性之间却有负相关。尽管仍未完全理解这些行为模式的潜在机制，但已经提出了降低捕食风险或增加大型群体觅食竞争的方法，作为两种可能的解释。由于对这两个假设的大多数实证检验都使用了操纵性实验，因此，它们主要限于小型物种或人工饲养的动物。在这里，我们建议使用时间预算模型来测试掠夺风险和觅食竞争的因果关系，而无需采取操纵手段。我们对两种群居的羚羊使用了这种方法，即羚羊（Bamscus pygargus phillipsi）和黑斑羚（Aepyceros melampus）。我们建议，大型群体中觅食竞争的加剧会导致这些物种的警惕性与群体规模之间的负相关关系。这项研究表明，观测数据可用于检验在逻辑上不适合进行操纵实验的物种的明确假设，并且也支持这一假设，表明与捕食风险无关的因素参与了对不同种群规模的警惕率差异的塑造。善于交际的物种。

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