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首页> 外文期刊>South African Journal of Wildlife Research >Prey preferences and dietary overlap amongst Africa's large predators
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Prey preferences and dietary overlap amongst Africa's large predators

机译：非洲大型食肉动物的猎物偏好和饮食重叠

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摘要

Africa supports Earth's richest assemblage of large predators, which coexist despite a high degree of dietary overlap. This study used reviews of the prey preferences of African wild dog Lycaon pictus, cheetah Acinonyx jubatus, leopard Panthera pardus, lion P. leo, and spotted hyaena Crocuta crocuta to Investigate the degree of dietary overlap and dietary niche breadth amongst the guild. Wild dogs and cheetahs exhibited the greatest dietary overlap and smallest dietary niche breadth, while lions exhibited the least dietary overlap and, with leopards, had the broadest dietary niche breadth. Increased extinction risk within the guild was related to lower dietary niche breadth. The behavioural and morphological specializations of the two most threatened predators (wild dogs and cheetahs) limit the prey available to them, and increases the potential for dietary competition. Conversely, the large body mass and group hunting strategy of lions and the predatory flexibility of leopards and spotted hyaenas minimizes the effects of dietary overlap, assuring a more secure status. This study Intimates reasons why cheetahs and African wild dogs are naturally less common than lions, leopards and spotted hyaenas In unmodified landscapes. The methods used can be applied to all adequately studied faunal guilds and could highlight previously undetected competitors.
机译：非洲支持着地球上最丰富的大型食肉动物群落，尽管饮食重叠程度很高，但它们并存。这项研究使用了非洲野狗Lycaon pictus，猎豹美洲豹，豹Panthera pardus，狮子P.leo和斑点鬣狗Crocuta crocuta的猎物偏好，以研究行会中的饮食重叠程度和饮食生态位广度。野狗和猎豹的饮食重叠程度最大，饮食生态位宽度最小，而狮子的饮食重叠程度最小，而豹子的饮食生态位宽度最大。公会内部灭绝风险的增加与饮食利基宽度的降低有关。两种威胁最大的捕食者（野狗和猎豹）的行为和形态专长限制了它们的猎物，并增加了饮食竞争的可能性。相反，狮子的大体重和集体狩猎策略以及豹子和斑鬣狗的掠食性灵活性最大程度地减少了饮食重叠的影响，从而确保了更安全的状态。这项研究揭示了为什么在未经修饰的景观中，猎豹和非洲野狗自然比狮子，豹子和斑鬣狗少见的原因。所使用的方法可以应用于所有经过充分研究的动物协会，并且可以突出显示以前未发现的竞争者。

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