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首页> 外文期刊>South African Journal of Wildlife Research >The influence of large predators on the feeding ecology of two African mesocarnivores: the black-backed jackal and the brown hyaena
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The influence of large predators on the feeding ecology of two African mesocarnivores: the black-backed jackal and the brown hyaena

机译：大型捕食者对两种非洲中生食肉动物的喂养生态的影响：黑背jack狼和棕色鬣狗

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摘要

Interactions between apex and mesopredators and their impacts on prey populations have been well documented, while the influence of apex predators such as lions on carrion availability and the subsequent impacts at lower trophic levels are not fully understood. Here we assess dietary overlap between two sympatric carnivores (brown hyaena, Parahyaena brunnea, and black-backed jackal, Canis mesomelas) in neighbouring reserves with and without apex predators (lions, Panthera leo, and wild dog, Lycaon pictus). We investigate whether apex predators facilitate niche partitioning between mesocarnivores by creating additional scavenging opportunities through predatory activity. We found that brown hyaena density was higher in the area with apex predators, while black-backed jackal density was higher in the area without apex predators. Black-backed jackal scats contained broadly similar dietary items at both sites, while large mammal remains occurred significantly more frequently in brown hyaena scats collected in the presence of apex predators. In the absence of apex predators there was a markedly higher degree of overlap between brown hyaena and jackal diets, suggesting increased levels of inter-specific competition. Our results suggest that apex predators potentially reduce levels of inter-specific competition for food between mesocarnivores by providing additional scavenging opportunities for specialist scavengers such as brown hyaena.
机译：顶点和中指之间的相互作用及其对猎物种群的影响已得到充分记录，而诸如狮子之类的顶点掠食者对腐肉可得性的影响以及随后在较低营养级别的影响尚不完全清楚。在这里，我们评估了邻近保护区中两个有伴生食肉动物（棕色鬣狗，黑h，黑背狐狼，犬科梅斯犬）在饮食上的重叠情况，这些保护区有和没有先天性捕食者（狮子，美洲豹和野狗，Lycaon pictus）。我们调查通过掠食性活动创造额外的清除机会，先头天敌是否促进食肉动物之间的生态位分配。我们发现，在有尖锐掠食者的地区，棕色鬣狗的密度较高，而在无尖锐掠食者的地区，黑背的al狼密度较高。黑背jack狐在这两个地方的饮食都大致相似，而大型哺乳动物的遗骸在先端掠食性动物的存在下收集的棕色鬣狗中的发生率则更高。在没有先天性天敌的情况下，棕色鬣狗和jack狼饮食之间的重叠程度明显更高，这表明种间竞争水平增加。我们的研究结果表明，尖牙捕食者可能通过为褐腐鬣狗等专业清除剂提供额外的清除机会，从而降低中食食动物之间的种间竞争。

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