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首页> 外文期刊>Southeastern naturalist >Effects of predators on fish and crayfish survival in intermittent streams
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Effects of predators on fish and crayfish survival in intermittent streams

机译：捕食者对间歇流中鱼类和小龙虾存活的影响

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Predation from aquatic and terrestrial predators are important factors structuring the size and depth distribution of aquatic prey. We conducted mesocosm and tethering experiments on Little Mulberry Creek in northwest Arkansas during low flows to examine the effects of predators on fish and crayfish survival in intermittent streams. Using shallow artificial pools (10 cm deep) and predator exclusions, we tested the hypothesis that large-bodied fish are at greater risk from terrestrial predators in shallow habitats compared to small-bodied individuals. Twenty-four circular pools (12 open top, 12 closed top) were stocked with two size classes of Campostoma anomalum (Central Stoneroller) and deployed systematically in a single stream pool. In addition, we used a crayfish tethering experiment to test the hypothesis that the survival of small and large crayfish is greater in shallow and deep habitats, respectively. We tethered two size classes of Orconectes meeki meeki (Meek's Crayfish) along shallow and deep transects in two adjacent stream pools and measured survival for 15 days. During both experiments, we monitored the presence or absence of predators by visual observation and from scat surveys. We demonstrated a negative effect of terrestrial predators on Central Stoneroller survival in the artificial pools, and larger individuals were more susceptible to predation. In contrast, small crayfish experienced low survival at all depths and large crayfish were preyed upon much less intensively during the tethering study, particularly in the pool with larger substrate. More studies are needed to understand how stream drying and environmental heterogeneity influence the complex interactions between predator and prey populations in intermittent streams.
机译：水生和陆生捕食者的捕食是构成水生猎物规模和深度分布的重要因素。在低流量期间，我们在阿肯色州西北部的小桑河上进行了中观和系留实验，以研究捕食者对间歇流中鱼类和小龙虾存活的影响。通过使用浅人工池（深10厘米）和捕食者排除，我们检验了以下假设：与小体个体相比，浅水生境中大型鱼的陆地捕食者风险更大。向二十四个圆形池（12个敞顶池，12个闭合顶池）放养两个大小等级的Campostoma异常（中央滚石机），并系统地部署在单个流池中。此外，我们使用小龙虾拴系实验来检验以下假设：小龙虾和大型小龙虾在浅海和深海栖息地的存活率分别更高。我们在两个相邻的溪流池中沿浅断面和深断面将两个大小等级的Orconectes meeki meeki（Meek's小龙虾）拴在一起，并测量了15天的生存期。在两个实验中，我们通过肉眼观察和粪便调查来监测捕食者的存在与否。我们证明了人工捕食池中陆地捕食者对中央滚石生存的负面影响，而且较大的个体更容易被捕食。相比之下，小型小龙虾在所有深度的存活率都较低，而大型小龙虾在拴系研究期间的捕捞强度要低得多，尤其是在底物较大的水池中。需要更多的研究来了解溪流干燥和环境异质性如何影响间歇溪流中捕食者与猎物种群之间的复杂相互作用。

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