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首页> 外文期刊>Southeastern naturalist >Changes in Fish Community Structure and Effects on Blackside Dace (Chrosomus cumberlandensis) Populations Following Beaver Colonization in Davis Branch, Cumberland Gap National Historical Park, Bell County, Kentucky
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Changes in Fish Community Structure and Effects on Blackside Dace (Chrosomus cumberlandensis) Populations Following Beaver Colonization in Davis Branch, Cumberland Gap National Historical Park, Bell County, Kentucky

机译：海狸定居在肯塔基州贝尔县坎伯兰峡国家历史公园戴维斯分校的海狸定居后，鱼类群落结构的变化及其对黑边ace（Chrosomus cumberlandensis）种群的影响

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Davis Branch in Cumberland Gap National Historical Park was considered important for the recovery of the Federally threatened Chrosomus cumberlandensis (Blackside Dace). Monitoring of the Davis Branch population began in 1990. Castor canadensis (North American Beaver) colonization was reported in 1994, and a series of dams have persisted in the upper section of the stream. The pervasive effects of Beavers on Blackside Dace populations were unknown. Our goals were: 1) to characterize the fish community structure and relative abundance of Blackside Dace within the assemblage, 2) to determine the direct and indirect effects of beaver dams on the fish community, and Blackside Dace population, 3) to monitor the age structure of the Blackside Dace population, and 4) to recommend management actions that will enhance the Blackside Dace population within Davis Branch. Fishes were collected from eight stations annually from 1990-2010, except for 2003-2005. Stations were delineated within downstream and upstream sections based on Beaver presence, and within three periods, prior (1990-1993), post (1994-2002), and recent (2006-2010). Fish community structure indicated distinct downstream and upstream assemblages prior to Beaver colonization, with the relative abundance of Blackside Dace approximately 6% and 18%, respectively. The fish assemblage and relative abundance of Blackside Dace shifted over time, with the relative abundance of Lepomis gulosus (Warmouth), Lepomis auritus (Redbreast Sunfish), and Chrosomus erythrogaster (Southern Redbelly Dace) increasing, and Blackside Dace decreasing; only 25 Blackside Dace were encountered from 2006-2010. Comparison of Blackside Dace age classes between the 3 periods indicated the 0+ age class decreased over time and 1+ and 2+ age classes increased initially but eventually declined within both the downstream and upstream sections. It is speculated that the continued presence of beaver dams increased stream temperatures downstream and upstream, altered the flow regime, and changed the available habitat, thus creating conditions more suitable for centrarchid species and Southern Redbelly Dace, which probably preyed upon and out-competed Blackside Dace, respectively. It is recommended that the National Park Service and its partners 1) develop a Beaver management program, 2) return Davis Branch to its free-flowing, pre-Beaver condition, 3) significantly decrease nonnative species and decrease native centrarchid species to abundances prior to Beaver colonization, and 4) establish a Davis Branch Blackside Dace propagation and reintroduction program.
机译：坎伯兰峡国家历史公园的戴维斯分馆被认为对恢复受到联邦威胁的Crrosomus cumberlandensis（Blackside Dace）具有重要意义。戴维斯分公司的种群监测始于1990年。1994年，加拿大蓖麻（北美海狸）定居了报道，河流的上游部分还留有一系列水坝。海狸对Blackside Dace种群的普遍影响尚不清楚。我们的目标是：1）表征鱼群中鱼类群落的结构和相对丰富度，2）确定海狸坝对鱼类群落的直接和间接影响，以及Blackside Dace种群，3）监测年龄Blackside Dace人口的结构，以及4）建议管理措施，以增强戴维斯分公司内Blackside Dace人口的数量。 1990-2010年期间，除2003-2005年外，每年从八个监测站采集鱼。根据Beaver的存在情况，在上游和下游部分以及三个时期内（以前（1990-1993年），后期（1994-2002年）和最近（2006-2010年））划定了站点。鱼的群落结构表明，在海狸定居之前，下游和上游组合明显不同，Blackside Dace的相对丰度分别约为6％和18％。 Blackside Dace的鱼群和相对丰度随时间变化，Lepomis gulosus（Warmouth），Lepomis auritus（Redbreast Sunfish）和Chrosomus erythrogaster（Southern Redbelly Dace）的相对丰度增加，Blackside Dace的减少。从2006年到2010年，仅遇到了25位Blackside Dace。比较这三个时期的Blackside Dace年龄等级，发现0+年龄等级随着时间的推移而下降，而1+和2+年龄等级开始时有所上升，但在下游和上游地区均下降。据推测，海狸坝的持续存在增加了上游和下游的溪流温度，改变了水流状态，并改变了可利用的栖息地，从而创造了更适合于中心种族和南方红腹D族的条件，它们可能被捕食并胜过黑边戴斯。建议国家公园管理局及其合作伙伴1）制定海狸管理计划，2）使戴维斯分公司恢复到其自由流动的海狸前状况，3）显着减少外来物种，并在减少之前减少原生中心类物种的数量海狸定植，和4）建立戴维斯分公司Blackside Dace繁殖和再引入计划。

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