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首页> 外文期刊>Spine >Identification of the location, extent, and pathway of sensory neurologic feedback after mechanical stimulation of a lateral spinal ligament in chickens.
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Identification of the location, extent, and pathway of sensory neurologic feedback after mechanical stimulation of a lateral spinal ligament in chickens.

机译：机械地刺激鸡的外侧脊髓韧带后，确定感觉神经反馈的位置，程度和途径。

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STUDY DESIGN: This study traced the location, extent, and pathway of sensory feedback after the mechanical stretching of a lateral spinal ligament in young chickens. The pathway was traced by locating the sites of Fos protein production in neuronal cell bodies at various sites in the nervous system. OBJECTIVES: To trace the location, extent, and pathway of sensory feedback after the mechanical stretching of a lateral spinal ligament in young chickens. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The innervation of ligaments is thought to form part of a protective feedback mechanism to provide stability for joints. The precise pathway and extent of the feedback for spinal ligaments is currently unknown. Such information would provide a clear focus for future studies, especially for diseases such as scoliosis where it has been suggested that there is abnormality in perception of sensory feedback. METHODS: The intertransverse ligament on the right side at T3-T4 in 4-week-old chickens was exposed by blunt dissection. AfterFos production resulting from the surgery had been stopped, the ligament was stretched mechanically and repeatedly for 60 minutes using a 300-g weight. Various areas of the nervous system then were sectioned and processed immunohistochemically to identify areas of Fos production in nerve cell bodies. The presence of Fos indicated neurons that had been stimulated by the stretching the ligament, including interneurons along the feedback pathway. RESULTS: Fos protein was identified in nerve cell bodies in the dorsal root ganglia and intermediate gray matter of the spinal cord at the level of stimulation as well as at several spinal cord levels above and below the site of stimulation. Identification was made on the ipsilateral and the contralateral sides, although the extent of Fos production was less on the contralateral side. Fos presence also was identified in sympathetic ganglia at these sites. Nerve cell bodies in the combined nucleus cuneatus and gracilis in the medulla oblongata, the vestibular nuclei, andthe thalamus also contained Fos-positive particles. CONCLUSIONS: Stretching a single lateral ligament of the spine produces a barrage of sensory feedback from several spinal cord levels on both sides of the spinal cord. This sensory information also is transferred to higher levels in the brain, including the nucleus gracilis and cuneatus, the vestibular nuclei, and the thalamus. These sites of Fos production suggest the locations of pathways for this sensory information, which include the dorsal columns and the spinocerebellar tracts. The information obtained from this study provides a clear focus for future studies in this area, particularly for diseases such as scoliosis where it is thought that incorrect perception of sensory information from the ligaments might be a major contributing factor.
机译：研究设计：这项研究追踪了在幼小鸡的侧脊髓韧带机械拉伸后感觉反馈的位置，程度和途径。通过定位神经系统各个部位神经元细胞体中Fos蛋白产生的部位来追踪该途径。目的：追踪在幼小鸡的侧向脊髓韧带机械拉伸后感觉反馈的位置，程度和途径。背景数据摘要：韧带的神经被认为是保护性反馈机制的一部分，旨在为关节提供稳定性。脊椎韧带反馈的确切途径和范围目前尚不清楚。这样的信息将为未来的研究提供明确的重点，特别是对于脊柱侧弯等疾病，这些疾病被认为感觉反馈的感知存在异常。方法：用钝器解剖暴露4周龄鸡T3-T4右侧的横韧带。在手术导致的Fos产生停止后，使用300 g的重量将韧带机械拉伸60分钟。然后将神经系统的各个区域切开并进行免疫组织化学处理，以鉴定神经细胞体中Fos产生的区域。 Fos的存在表明神经元已被韧带拉伸刺激，包括沿反馈途径的中间神经元。结果：在刺激水平以及在刺激部位上方和下方的几个脊髓水平，在背根神经节和脊髓中间灰质的神经细胞体中均发现了Fos蛋白。在同侧和对侧均进行了鉴定，尽管在对侧的Fos产生程度较小。在这些部位的交感神经节中也发现了Fos的存在。延髓，前庭神经核和丘脑的组合成对的成虫核和豚鼠的神经细胞体也含有Fos阳性颗粒。结论：伸展脊柱的单个外侧韧带会产生来自脊髓两侧的几个脊髓水平的感觉反馈弹幕。该感官信息也被转移到大脑中更高的水平，包括轻核和豚鼠核，前庭核和丘脑。 Fos产生的这些位点提示了这种感觉信息的通路位置，包括背柱和脊髓小脑束。从这项研究中获得的信息为该领域的未来研究提供了明确的重点，尤其是对于脊柱侧凸等疾病，认为脊柱侧弯等疾病对韧带感觉信息的错误理解可能是主要的影响因素。

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