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The Earth's dynamic magnetotail [Review]

机译：地球的动态磁尾[综述]

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Geomagnetic field lines that are stretched on the nightside of the Earth due to reconnection with the interplanetary magnetic field constitute the Earth's magnetotail. The magnetotail is a dynamic entity where energy imparted from the solar wind is stored and then released to generate disturbance phenomena such as substorms. This paper gives an updated overview on the physics of the magnetotail by drawing heavily from recent research conducted with the GEOTAIL satellite. It summarizes firstly the basic properties of the magnetotail such as shape, size and magnetic flux content, internal motion and plasma regimes. Then it describes characteristics of tail plasmas of the solar-wind and the ionosphere origins. Thirdly it addresses acceleration and heating of plasmas in the magnetotail, where reconnection between the stretched field lines is the main driver but the site of the acceleration is not limited to the immediate vicinity of the neutral line. In the collisionless regime of the plasma sheet kinetic behaviors of ions and electrons control the acceleration process. The paper closes by enumerating the problems posed for future studies. [References: 161]
机译：由于与行星际磁场的重新连接而在地球的夜晚延伸的地磁场线构成了地球的磁尾。磁尾是一个动态实体，在该实体中存储了从太阳风传来的能量，然后释放该能量以产生干扰现象，例如亚暴雨。本文主要借鉴了GEOTAIL卫星的最新研究成果，对磁尾的物理特性进行了更新概述。首先总结了磁尾的基本特性，例如形状，大小和磁通量，内部运动和等离子体状态。然后描述了太阳风和电离层起源的尾部等离子体的特征。第三，它解决了磁尾中等离子体的加速和加热问题，其中，拉长的磁场线之间的重新连接是主要驱动力，但是加速的位置并不局限于紧邻中性线。在等离子片的无碰撞状态下，离子和电子的动力学行为控制着加速过程。文章最后列举了未来研究中存在的问题。 [参考：161]

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