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Lower Body Stiffness and Muscle Activity Differences Between Female Dancers and Basketball Players During Drop Jumps

机译：跳跳动作时女舞者与篮球运动员下半身的刚度和肌肉活动差异

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Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries often occur during landing, with female athletes at higher injury risk than male athletes. Interestingly, female dancers have lower ACL injury rates than do female athletes in general. Hypothesis: Female dancers will have earlier and greater lower extremity muscle activity and higher sagittal knee joint and leg stiffness than will female basketball players. Study Design: Cross-sectional group comparison. Methods: Fifty-five healthy female athletes (35 dancers, 20 basketball players) performed 5 double-leg drop jumps from a 45-cm box. Surface electromyography (onsets and amplitudes; prelanding and postlanding) was recorded from the lateral gastrocnemius, medial and lateral hamstrings, lateral quadriceps muscles with a 3-dimensional electromagnetic tracking system, and forceplates recording biomechanics (leg spring stiffness and knee joint stiffness). Results: Compared with basketball players, dancers had greater leg spring stiffness (P = 0.047) but similar knee joint stiffness (P = 0.44). Although no significant differences were observed in overall muscle onset times (P = 0.22) or activation amplitudes (prelanding, P = 0.60; postlanding, P = 0.78), small to moderate effect sizes (ESs) suggest trends in dancers toward earlier (ES = 0.53) and higher medial hamstrings activation pre- (ES = 0.55) and post- (ES = 0.41) landing and lower lateral quadriceps (ES = 0.30) and higher gastrocnemius (ES = 0.33) postlanding muscle activation. Conclusions: In dancers, the higher leg spring stiffness and trends toward higher hamstrings prelanding and postlanding, as well as lower quadriceps and higher gastrocnemius activation postlanding with similar knee joint stiffness, indicate lower extremity neuromechanical differences across other joints. Clinical Relevance: Female dancers may have lower extremity neuromechanics that are different from those of basketball players during drop jumps. If dancers use ACL-protective strategie...
机译：背景：前交叉韧带（ACL）受伤常在着陆过程中发生，女运动员的受伤风险高于男运动员。有趣的是，与一般女运动员相比，女舞者的ACL损伤率更低。假设：与女篮球运动员相比，女舞者的下肢肌肉活动更快，下肢的矢状膝关节和腿的僵硬度更高。研究设计：横断面组比较。方法：55名健康的女运动员（35名舞者，20名篮球运动员）从45厘米长的箱子中进行了5次双腿跳跳。从外侧腓肠肌，内侧和外侧绳肌，具有四维电磁跟踪系统的股四头肌肌肉和记录生物力学的力板（腿部弹簧刚度和膝关节刚度）记录表面肌电图（峰和幅值;着陆和着陆前）。结果：与篮球运动员相比，舞者的腿部弹簧刚度更大（P = 0.047），但膝关节刚度相似（P = 0.44）。尽管在总体肌肉发作时间（P = 0.22）或激活幅度（着陆前，P = 0.60;着陆后，P = 0.78）上没有观察到显着差异，但是从小到中等的效应大小（ESs）表明舞者朝着更早的方向发展（ES =着陆前（ES = 0.55）和着陆后（ES = 0.41）以及更高的内侧绳肌激活，着陆后肌肉激活有较低的股四头肌（ES = 0.30）和较高的腓肠肌（ES = 0.33）。结论：在舞者中，较高的腿部弹簧刚度和着陆前和着陆后大腿筋的趋势，以及具有相似膝关节刚度的较低的四头肌和较高的腓肠肌激活后着陆，表明其他关节的下肢神经力学差异较低。临床意义：女舞者的下肢神经力学可能与跳投过程中的篮球运动员不同。如果舞者使用ACL保护策略...

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