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A Review of Resistance Training-Induced Changes in Skeletal Muscle Protein Synthesis and Their Contribution to Hypertrophy

机译：抵抗训练引起的骨骼肌蛋白质合成及其对肥大的贡献的综述

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摘要

Muscle protein synthesis (MPS) is stimulated by resistance exercise (RE) and is further stimulated by protein ingestion. The summation of periods of RE-induced increases in MPS can induce hypertrophy chronically. As such, studying the response of MPS with resistance training (RT) is informative, as adaptations in this process can modulate muscle mass gain. Previous studies have shown that the amplitude and duration of increases in MPS after an acute bout of RE are modulated by an individual's training status. Nevertheless, it has been shown that the initial responses of MPS to RE and nutrition are not correlated with subsequent hypertrophy. Thus, early acute responses of MPS in the hours after RE, in an untrained state, do not capture how MPS can affect RE-induced muscle hypertrophy. The purpose of this review is provide an in-depth understanding of the dynamic process of muscle hypertrophy throughout RT by examining all of the available data on MPS after RE and in different phases of an RT programme. Analysis of the time course and the overall response of MPS is critical to determine the potential protein accretion after an RE bout. Exercise-induced increases in MPS are shorter lived and peak earlier in the trained state than in the untrained state, resulting in a smaller overall muscle protein synthetic response in the trained state. Thus, RT induces a dampening of the MPS response, potentially limiting protein accretion, but when this occurs remains unknown.
机译：抵抗运动（RE）刺激肌肉蛋白质合成（MPS），蛋白质摄入则进一步刺激肌肉蛋白质合成（MPS）。 RE诱导的MPS升高时期的总和可慢性诱导肥大。因此，通过阻力训练（RT）研究MPS的反应是有益的，因为在此过程中进行适应可以调节肌肉质量增加。先前的研究表明，急性RE发作后MPS的增加幅度和持续时间受个体的训练状态影响。然而，已经表明MPS对RE和营养的初始反应与随后的肥大无关。因此，在未经训练的状态下，RE后数小时内MPS的早期急性反应不能反映MPS如何影响RE诱导的肌肉肥大。这篇综述的目的是通过检查RE后和RT计划不同阶段的MPS的所有可用数据，来深入了解整个RT中肌肉肥大的动态过程。对MPS的时程和总体响应进行分析对于确定RE发作后潜在的蛋白质积聚至关重要。运动引起的MPS增加比未训练状态的寿命短，在未训练状态下达到峰值的时间更早，导致在训练状态下总的肌肉蛋白质合成反应较小。因此，RT诱导了MPS反应的减弱，潜在地限制了蛋白质的积聚，但是何时发生仍是未知的。

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