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首页> 外文期刊>Steel in Translation >USE OF ELECTROMETALLURGICAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR PROCESSING SOLID HOUSEHOLD, MEDICAL, AND INDUSTRIAL WASTES
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USE OF ELECTROMETALLURGICAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR PROCESSING SOLID HOUSEHOLD, MEDICAL, AND INDUSTRIAL WASTES

机译：机电技术在处理固体家庭，医疗和工业废物中的使用

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In Russia, as in other countries, the problem of processing household, medical, and industrial wastes is becoming ever more acute. According to data from a number of ecological congresses, it is believed that as much as 0.5 ton of household waste a year is produced per capita; there is 10 times more industrial waste than household waste; and the amount of medical waste is approximately 2 percent of household waste. The typical composition of household and medical wastes is, percent: moisture - 50, organic components (including plastics) - up to 30, ceramic -up to 16, and metals- 4. The country's metallurgical plants located in large cities make a significant negative contribution to the ecology of the region and the city and in "normal" operation produce large amounts of diverse wastes and emissions. In the conditions of a drop in production at a number of basic and auxiliary plants, the possibility of using for ecologically processing of wastes opens up; in this case, the role of metallurgical plants in relation to ecology changes to positive. In the conditions of a sharp drop in orders for electrothermal equipment, the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Electrothermal Equipment (VNIIETO) joint-stock company, the former chief institute of the electric-furnace construcion industry, turned to solution of ecological problems. Analysis of technologies for processing household wastes existing in world practive showed that thesetechnologies are not very productive, for example, the of sorting wastes followed by bacterial treatrment of the organic part of the wastes, or they unavoidably produce emissions of harmful substances into groundeaters (if the wastes are buried), or into the atmosphere and (if they are burned).
机译：与其他国家一样，在俄罗斯，处理家庭，医疗和工业废物的问题变得越来越严重。根据许多生态代表大会的数据，据信人均每年产生0.5吨生活垃圾。工业废物比家庭废物多十倍;医疗废物的数量约占家庭废物的2％。家庭和医疗废物的典型组成是百分比：水分-50，有机成分（包括塑料）-最多30，陶瓷-最多16，金属-4。该国位于大城市的冶金工厂造成严重的负面影响对区域和城市生态的贡献以及在“正常”运行中会产生大量不同的废物和排放。在许多基本和辅助工厂的产量下降的情况下，有可能将其用于废物的生态处理;在这种情况下，冶金植物在生态方面的作用变为积极的。在电热设备订单急剧减少的情况下，全俄的电热设备科学研究所（VNIIETO）股份公司，即前电炉建筑行业的首席研究所，转向解决生态问题。对世界范围内现有的生活垃圾处理技术的分析表明，这些技术的生产率不是很高，例如，先进行垃圾分类，然后对垃圾中的有机部分进行细菌处理，否则它们不可避免地将有害物质排放到食用者中（如果废物被掩埋），或进入大气（如果被燃烧）。

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