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首页> 外文期刊>Sedimentology: Journal of the International Association of Sedimentologists >Palaeo-climate controlled diagenesis of the Westphalian C & D fluvial sandstones in the Campine Basin (north-east Belgium)
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Palaeo-climate controlled diagenesis of the Westphalian C & D fluvial sandstones in the Campine Basin (north-east Belgium)

机译：坎皮恩盆地（比利时东北部）的威斯特伐利亚C＆D河床砂岩的古气候控制成岩作用

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摘要

The Westphalian C and D fluvial sandstones in the Campine Basin (north-east Belgium) are potential reservoirs for the sequestration of CO2 and interesting analogues of the hydrocarbon reservoirs in the Southern North Sea. Although these sandstones were deposited in a relatively short period of time, their reservoir properties and mineralogical compositions are very different. A petrographic study complemented with stable isotope analyses, fluid inclusion microthermometry and X-ray diffraction analyses of the clay fractions of the sandstones, which were sampled from deep boreholes (> 1000 m) in the Campine Basin, revealed that these differences are related mainly to the climate at the time of deposition. The most important eogenetic processes affecting the Westphalian sandstones were the generation of a pseudomatrix by physical compaction of Al-silicates and lithic fragments that were strongly altered by extensive meteoric leaching, kaolinitization of unstable silicates and precipitation of siderite. These processes had a detrimental influence on the reservoir properties of Westphalian C sandstones, but their impact on the Westphalian D sandstones was minimal. The difference is assumed to be related to the climate at the time of deposition, which changed from tropical humid in the Westphalian C to semi-arid/arid during the Late Westphalian D. Both the Westphalian C and D sandstones were affected by similar mesogenetic processes. Mesogenetic quartz cementation resulted from chemical compaction and illitization of kaolinite, K-feldspar and smectitic clays. Illitization of kaolinite was controlled by the available quantities of co-existing kaolinite and K-feldspar and mainly affected the Westphalian D sandstones. Illitization of K-feldspar was controlled by the K-feldspar content. It had a much larger impact on the reservoir properties of the Westphalian D as, in these sandstones, K-feldspar was less affected by eogenetic alteration. The illitization of smectitic clays resulted in illite, quartz and ankerite cementation in both reservoirs. This process had a more important impact on the Westphalian C reservoir, since cementation here also resulted from smectite to illite conversion in the interbedded and underlying shales. The effect of mesogenetic alterations on the reservoir properties was much less drastic than the impact of eodiagenesis. Mesogenetic alterations do exert a significant control on the properties of the Westphalian D. The vast impact of eodiagenesis on the Westphalian C sandstones made them less susceptible to mesogenetic alteration. The effect of telogenetic processes on the porosity and permeability of the Westphalian sandstones was small and restricted to the top reservoir intervals that directly underlie the Cimmerian Unconformity. No significant telogenetic alterations related to the Variscan Unconformity were observed.
机译：坎皮恩盆地（比利时东北部）的威斯特伐利亚C和D河流相砂岩是可能封存CO2的潜在油藏和北海南部油气藏的有趣类似物。尽管这些砂岩是在相对较短的时间内沉积的，但它们的储层性质和矿物组成却有很大不同。岩石学研究通过稳定同位素分析，流体包裹体热分析和对砂岩粘土组分的X射线衍射分析进行了补充，这些样品是从Campine盆地的深钻孔（> 1000 m）中取样的，表明这些差异主要与沉积时的气候。影响威斯特伐利亚砂岩的最重要的成因过程是通过铝硅酸盐和岩石碎屑的物理压实产生的假基质，而后者广泛地被广泛的陨石浸出，不稳定的硅酸盐的高岭土化和菱铁矿的沉淀所改变。这些过程对威斯特伐利亚C砂岩的储层性质有不利影响，但对威斯特伐利亚D砂岩的影响很小。假定该差异与沉积时的气候有关，其从威斯特伐利亚C的热带湿润转变为威斯特伐利亚D晚期的半干旱/干旱。威斯特伐利亚C和D砂岩都受到类似的中生过程的影响。 。介晶石英胶结作用是由高岭石，钾长石和近晶粘土的化学压实和未固结作用引起的。高岭石的照度受共存的高岭石和钾长石的可用量控制，并且主要影响威斯特伐利亚D砂岩。钾长石的照度受钾长石含量的控制。它对威斯特伐利亚D的储层性质有更大的影响，因为在这些砂岩中，钾长石受生代蚀变的影响较小。蒙脱石粘土的非法化导致两个储层中的伊利石，石英和方铁矿胶结。此过程对威斯特伐利亚C储层有更重要的影响，因为此处的胶结作用也是由于夹层和下层页岩中蒙脱石向伊利石的转化所致。介晶改变对储层性质的影响远不如成岩作用强烈。介晶改变确实对威斯特伐利亚D的性质具有重要的控制作用。成岩作用对威斯特伐利亚C砂岩的巨大影响使得它们不易受介晶改变的影响。末生成岩过程对威斯特伐利亚砂岩孔隙度和渗透率的影响很小，并且仅限于直接位于西美尔不整合面下的顶部储层层段。没有观察到与Variscan不整合相关的显着的遗传发生改变。

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