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首页> 外文期刊>Spectrochimica Acta, Part B. Atomic Spectroscopy >Alloy characterization of a 7th Century BC archeological bronze vase - Overcoming patina constraints using Monte Carlo simulations
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Alloy characterization of a 7th Century BC archeological bronze vase - Overcoming patina constraints using Monte Carlo simulations

机译：公元前7世纪考古青铜花瓶的合金特征-使用Monte Carlo模拟克服铜绿约束

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摘要

In this work we evaluate the composition of a bronze alloy using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. For this purpose, a 7th Century BC archeological vase from the SW Iberian Peninsula, displaying a well formed corrosion patina was analyzed by means of a portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. Realistic MC simulations of the experimental setup were performed with the XRMC code package which is based on an intensive use of variance-reduction techniques and uses XRAYLIB a constantly updated X-ray library of atomic data. A single layer model was applied for simulating XRF of polished/pristine bronze whereas a two-or-three-layer model was developed for bronze covered respectively by a corrosion patina alone or coupled with a superficial soil derived crust These simulations took into account corrosion (cerussite (PbCO3), cuprite (Cu2O), malachite (Cu2CO3(OH)(2)), litharge (PbO)) and soil derived products (goethite (FeO(OH)) and quartz (Si)) identified by means of X-ray diffraction and Raman micro analytical techniques. Results confirm previous research indicating that the XRF/Monte Carlo protocol is well suited when a two-layered model is considered, whereas in areas where the patina + soil derived products' crust is too thick, X-rays from the alloy substrate are not able to exit the sample. Quantitative results based on MC simulations indicate that the vase is made of a lead-bronze alloy: Mn (0.2%), Fe (1.0%), Cu (81.8%), As (0.5%), Ag (0.6%), Sn (8.0%) and Pb (8.0%). (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：在这项工作中，我们使用X射线荧光光谱（XRF）和蒙特卡洛（MC）模拟评估青铜合金的成分。为此，通过便携式X射线荧光光谱仪分析了来自SW Iberian Peninsula的7世纪BC考古花瓶，该花瓶显示出良好的腐蚀铜绿。使用XRMC代码包对实验设置进行了逼真的MC模拟，该代码包基于大量使用减少方差的技术，并使用XRAYLIB（一个不断更新的原子数据X射线库）。应用了单层模型来模拟抛光/原始青铜的XRF，而针对分别被腐蚀铜锈或与表层土壤衍生的地壳覆盖的青铜开发了两层或三层模型。这些模拟考虑了腐蚀（铜矿（PbCO3），铜矿（Cu2O），孔雀石（Cu2CO3（OH）（2）），锂（PbO））和土壤衍生产品（针铁矿（FeO（OH））和石英（Si））通过X-鉴定射线衍射和拉曼显微分析技术。结果证实了先前的研究结果，表明当考虑两层模型时，XRF / Monte Carlo协议非常适合，而在古铜色+土壤衍生产品的地壳太厚的区域，合金基材无法提供X射线退出样本。基于MC模拟的定量结果表明该花瓶由铅青铜合金制成：Mn（0.2％），Fe（1.0％），Cu（81.8％），As（0.5％），Ag（0.6％），Sn （8.0％）和Pb（8.0％）。 （C）2015 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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