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Predicting weather and climate: Uncertainty, ensembles and probability

机译:预测天气和气候:不确定性,整体和概率

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Simulation-based weather and climate prediction now involves the use of methods that reflect a deep concern with uncertainty. These methods, known as ensemble prediction methods, produce multiple simulations for predictive periods of interest, using different initial conditions, parameter values and/or model structures. This paper provides a non-technical overview of current ensemble methods and considers how the results of studies employing these methods should be interpreted, paying special attention to probabilistic interpretations. A key conclusion is that, while complicated inductive arguments might be given for the trustworthiness of probabilistic weather forecasts obtained from ensemble studies, analogous arguments are out of reach in the case of long-term climate prediction. In light of this, the paper considers how predictive uncertainty should be conveyed to decision makers.
机译:基于模拟的天气和气候预测现在涉及使用反映不确定性的深切关注的方法。这些方法称为集合预测方法,它们使用不同的初始条件,参数值和/或模型结构,对感兴趣的预测时间段进行多种模拟。本文提供了当前集成方法的非技术概述,并考虑了应如何解释采用这些方法的研究结果,并特别注意概率解释。一个关键的结论是,尽管对于从整体研究中获得的概率天气预报的可信度可能会给出复杂的归纳论证,但在长期气候预测的情况下,类似的论证却遥不可及。有鉴于此,本文考虑了如何将预测不确定性传达给决策者。

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