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Pliocene Climate

机译：上新世气候

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The Pliocene Epoch~1, 5.3 Ma to 1.8 Ma, was a time when paleoclimate conditions ranged from very warm, equable climates (on a global scale), rhythmically varying every 40,000 years, to high-amplitude glacial-interglacial cycles that led to the "Ice Ages" of the Pleistocene. Evidence for paleoclimate conditions comes from fossils, geochemical data, and the integration of these data with sophisticated numerical models. The Pliocene exhibited a range in atmospheric CO_2concentrations with highs estimated to be at most -425 ppm in the early Pliocene followed by overall decrease toward preindustrial levels by the close of the Pliocene Epoch (Pagani et al. 2010). Sea levels were estimated to be 25m higher than present day and the size and position of ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica were decidedly different from today. On the other hand, by the mid-Pliocene, the majority of fauna and flora as well as continental configurations were basically the same as today. Man's ability to adapt to or mitigate the effects of future climate require a deep understanding of the rates and magnitude of future climate change on an ever finer scale. Since conditions projected for the end of this century are not in the human experience, we depend upon a combination of numerical climate models and comparison to analogous conditions in the geologic past. The Pliocene contains what might be the closest analog to climate conditions expected in the near future, and therefore understanding the Pliocene is not only of academic interest but essential for human adaptation.
机译：上新世纪〜1，5.3 Ma至1.8 Ma，是古气候条件的时期，从非常温暖，适宜的气候（在全球范围内），每40,000年有节奏地变化，到导致冰山-冰川间周期的高振幅“冰河世纪”的更新世。古气候条件的证据来自化石，地球化学数据以及这些数据与复杂的数值模型的集成。在上新世初期，上新世表现出大气中的CO_2浓度范围，其最高估计值最高为-425 ppm，随后在上新世纪结束时，总体向工业化前水平下降（Pagani等，2010）。据估计海平面比今天高出25m，格陵兰和南极洲的冰盖的大小和位置与今天明显不同。另一方面，到上新世中期，大多数动植物群以及大陆形态与今天基本相同。人类适应或减轻未来气候影响的能力要求对未来气候变化的速度和幅度有更深入的了解。由于预计到本世纪末的条件不是人类的经验，因此我们依赖于数值气候模型的组合以及与地质过去类似条件的比较。上新世可能是最接近近期气候条件的模拟物，因此了解上新世不仅具有学术意义，而且对人类适应至关重要。

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