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The PRISM3D paleoenvironmental reconstruction

机译：PRISM3D古环境重建

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The Pliocene Research, Interpretation and Synoptic Mapping (PRISM) paleoenvironmental reconstruction is an inter-nally consistent and comprehensive global synthesis of a past interval of relatively warm and stable climate. It is regularly used in model studies that aim to better understand Pliocene climate, to improve model performance in future climate scenarios, and to distinguish model-dependent climate effects. The PRISM reconstruction is constantly evolving in order to incorporate additional geographic sites and environmental parameters, and is continuously refined by independent research findings. The new PRISM three dimensional (3D) reconstruction differs from previous PRISM reconstructions in that it includes a subsurface ocean temperature reconstruction, integrates geochemical sea surface temperature proxies to supplement the faunal-based temperature estimates, and uses numerical models for the first time to augment fossil data. Here we describe the components of PRISM3D and describe new findings specific to the new recon-struction. Highlights of the new PRISM3D reconstruction include removal of Hudson Bay and the Great Lakes and creation of open water-ways in locations where the current bedrock elevation is less than 25m above modern sea level, due to the removal of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet and the reduction of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet. The mid-Piacenzian oceans were characterized by a reduced east-west tem-perature gradient in the equatorial Pacific, but PRISM3D data do not imply permanent El Nino conditions. The reduced equator-to-pole temperature gradient that characterized previous PRISM reconstructions is supported by significant displacement of vegetation belts to-ward the poles, is extended into the Arctic Ocean, and is confirmed by multiple proxies in PRISM3D. Arctic warmth coupled with in-creased dryness suggests the formation of warm and salty paleo North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) and a more vigorous thermohaline circulation system that may have provided the enhanced ocean heat transport necessary to move warm surface water to the Arctic. New deep ocean temperature data also suggests greater warmth and further southward penetration of paleo NADW.
机译：上新世研究，解释和天气映射（PRISM）古环境重建是过去相对温暖和稳定的气候区间的内部一致和全面的全球综合。它通常用于模型研究中，旨在更好地了解上新世气候，改善未来气候情景中的模型性能，并区分与模型有关的气候影响。 PRISM重建正在不断发展，以纳入其他地理位置和环境参数，并通过独立的研究结果不断完善。新的PRISM三维（3D）重建与以前的PRISM重建的不同之处在于，它包括地下海洋温度重建，整合了地球化学海面温度代理以补充基于动物的温度估计，并首次使用数值模型来增强化石。数据。在这里，我们描述PRISM3D的组件，并描述特定于新重构的新发现。新的PRISM3D重建的重点包括拆除哈德逊湾和五大湖，以及由于西部南极冰盖和冰川的去除，在当前基岩海拔不超过现代海平面25m的地方创建开放水道。减少南极东部冰盖。赤道太平洋中的Piacenzian中部海洋的特征是东西向温度梯度减小，但是PRISM3D数据并不意味着永久的厄尔尼诺现象。先前PRISM重建的特征是降低的赤道到极点温度梯度，这是由植被带向极点的明显位移所支持，并延伸到北冰洋，并已由PRISM3D中的多个代理人证实。北极的温暖加上干旱的增加表明北大西洋深水（NADW）温暖咸咸，形成了更活跃的热盐环流系统，这可能提供了将温暖的地表水运到北极所需的增强的海洋热量传输。新的深海温度数据还表明，古纳德温带更温暖，向南进一步渗透。

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