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Bacterial adhesion to stainless steel is reduced by aqueous fish extract coatings

机译：水性鱼提取物涂层可降低细菌对不锈钢的附着力

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Microbial adhesion and biofilm formation on surfaces pose major problems and risks to human health. One way to circumvent this problem is to coat surfaces (in this report stainless steel) with a non-toxic fish extract that generates an abiotic surface with less bacterial attachment than uncoated surfaces or surfaces coated with, for example, tryptone soy broth. The bacteria grow well in the fish extract; hence a general bacteriocidal effect is not the reason for the antifouling effect. Bacterial attachment was quantified by different methods including (a) direct fluorescence microscopy, (b) removal by ultrasound and subsequent quantification of the adhered bacteria, and (c) regrowth of the adhered bacteria measured by indirect conductometry. Surprisingly, the bacterial counts on surfaces coated with aqueous fish extract were 10–100 times lower than on surfaces coated with laboratory broths when surfaces were submerged in bacterial suspensions. The effect was seen for Pseudomonas fluorescens AH2, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, Escherichia coli MG1655, Vibrio anguillarum 90-11-287 and Aeromonas salmonicida Jno 3175/88. It lasted for at least 7 days. Atomic force microscopy showed that steel surfaces conditioned with fish extract were covered by a thin layer of spherical, nanosized particles. Chemical analysis of the surfaces coated with adsorbed fish extract using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the layer was proteinaceous and had a thickness less than 2 nm. Numerous protein bands/peaks were also detected by sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry techniques. We conclude that coating the stainless steel surface with fish extract results in a thin protein layer that reduces bacterial adhesion significantly.
机译：表面上的微生物粘附和生物膜形成对人类健康构成重大问题和风险。解决该问题的一种方法是用无毒鱼提取物覆盖表面（在本报告中为不锈钢），该无毒鱼提取物产生的非生物表面比未涂覆的表面或涂覆有例如蛋白p大豆肉汤的表面具有更少的细菌附着。鱼提取物中的细菌生长良好;因此，一般的杀菌作用不是产生防污作用的原因。细菌的附着可以通过不同的方法进行量化，包括（a）直接荧光显微镜检查，（b）通过超声去除和随后对附着细菌的定量，以及（c）通过间接电导法测量附着细菌的再生。出乎意料的是，当表面浸没在细菌悬浮液中时，涂有鱼水提取物的表面上的细菌数比涂有实验室肉汤的表面上的细菌数低10-100倍。对于荧光假单胞菌AH2，铜绿假单胞菌PAO1，大肠杆菌MG1655，鳗弧菌弧菌90-11-287和鲑鱼气单胞菌Jno 3175/88，观察到了该作用。它持续了至少7天。原子力显微镜显示，用鱼提取物处理过的钢表面被球形纳米级薄层覆盖。用X射线光电子能谱对用吸附的鱼提取物涂覆的表面进行化学分析表明，该层是蛋白质的，厚度小于2nm。十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和基质辅助激光解吸/电离飞行时间质谱技术也检测到许多蛋白带/峰。我们得出的结论是，用鱼提取物覆盖不锈钢表面会形成一层薄的蛋白质层，从而显着降低细菌粘附。

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