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Differential patterns of molecular evolution among Haemosporidian parasite groups

机译：血孢子虫寄生虫群之间分子进化的差异模式。

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Malaria parasites have had profound effects on human populations for millennia, but other terrestrial vertebrates are impacted by malaria as well. Entire species of birds have been driven to extinction, and many others are threatened by population declines. Recent studies have shown that host-switching is quite common among malaria parasite lineages, and these switches often involve a significant shift in the environment in which the parasites find themselves, including nucleated vs non-nucleated red blood cells and red vs white blood cells. Therefore, it is important to understand how parasites adapt to these different host environments. The mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b) gene shows evidence of adaptive molecular evolution among malaria parasite groups, putatively because of its critical role in the electron transport chain (ETC) in cellular metabolism. Two hypotheses were addressed here: (1) mitochondrial components of the ETC (cyt b and cytochrome oxidase 1 [COI]) should show evidence of adaptive evolution (i.e. selection) and (2) selection should be evident in host switches. Overall we found a signature of constraint (e.g. purifying selection) across the four genes included here, but we also found evidence of positive selection associated with host switches in cyt b and, surprisingly, in (apicoplast) caseinolytic protease C. These results suggest that evidence of selection should be widespread across these parasite genomes.
机译：几千年来，疟原虫对人类的生活产生了深远的影响，但其他陆地脊椎动物也受到疟疾的影响。整个鸟类已经灭绝，许多其他鸟类也受到种群减少的威胁。最近的研究表明，宿主切换在疟疾寄生虫谱系中非常普遍，并且这些切换通常涉及寄生虫所处环境的重大转变，包括有核与无核红细胞以及红与白细胞。因此，重要的是要了解寄生虫如何适应这些不同的宿主环境。线粒体细胞色素b（cyt b）基因显示了疟疾寄生虫群体之间分子适应性进化的证据，这可能是由于其在细胞代谢中的电子传输链（ETC）中起着关键作用。此处提出了两个假设：（1）ETC的线粒体成分（cyt b和细胞色素氧化酶1 [COI]）应显示出适应性进化的证据（即选择），并且（2）选择应在宿主开关中很明显。总的来说，我们在这里包括的四个基因中发现了一个限制信号（例如，纯化选择），但是我们还发现了与cyt b以及令人惊讶的酪蛋白水解蛋白酶C的宿主开关相关的阳性选择的证据。这些结果表明，选择的证据应在这些寄生虫基因组中广泛分布。

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