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Landscape influence on spatial patterns of meningeal worm and liver fluke infection in white-tailed deer

机译：景观对白尾鹿脑膜蠕虫和肝吸虫感染空间格局的影响

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摘要

Parasites that primarily infect white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), such as liver flukes (Fascioloides magna) and meningeal worm (Parelaphostrongylus tenuis), can cause morbidity and mortality when incidentally infecting moose (Alces alces). Ecological factors are expected to influence spatial variation in infection risk by affecting the survival of free-living life stages outside the host and the abundance of intermediate gastropod hosts. Here, we investigate how ecology influenced the fine-scale distribution of these parasites in deer in Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota. Deer pellet groups (N=295) were sampled for the presence of P. tenuis larvae and F. magna eggs. We found that deer were significantly more likely to be infected with P. tenuis in habitats with less upland deciduous forest and more upland mixed conifer forest and shrub, a pattern that mirrored microhabitat differences in gastropod abundances. Deer were also more likely to be infected with F. magna in areas with more marshland, specifically rooted-floating aquatic marshes (RFAMs). The environment played a larger role than deer density in determining spatial patterns of infection for both parasites, highlighting the importance of considering ecological factors on all stages of a parasite's life cycle in order to understand its occurrence within the definitive host.
机译：主要感染白尾鹿（Odocoileus virginianus）的寄生虫，例如肝吸虫（Fascioloides magna）和脑膜蠕虫（Parelaphostrongylus tenuis），在偶然感染驼鹿（Alces alces）时会导致发病和死亡。预计生态因素会通过影响宿主外部自由生活阶段的生存以及中间腹足纲宿主的数量来影响感染风险的空间变化。在这里，我们调查了生态如何影响明尼苏达州Voyageurs国家公园鹿中这些寄生虫的精细分布。采样鹿颗粒组（N = 295）中是否存在ten。tenuis幼虫和F. magna卵。我们发现，在山地较少的落叶林，山地混合的针叶林和灌木较多的生境中，鹿更容易被tenus感染，这种模式反映了腹足动物数量的微生境差异。鹿在沼泽地较多的地区，特别是有根漂浮的水生沼泽地（RFAM），也更容易感染马鞭草。在确定两种寄生虫的感染空间格局时，环境比鹿密度发挥更大的作用，突显了考虑寄生虫生命周期所有阶段的生态因素以了解其在确定宿主中的发生的重要性。

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