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Ectoparasites and endoparasites of fish form networks with different structures

机译：鱼的外寄生物和内寄生物形成具有不同结构的网络

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Hosts and parasites interact with each other in a variety of ways, and this diversity of interactions is reflected in the networks they form. To test for differences in interaction patterns of ecto- and endoparasites we analysed subnetworks formed by each kind of parasites and their host fish species in fish-parasite networks for 22 localities. We assessed the proportion of parasite species per host species, the relationship between parasite fauna composition and host taxonomy, connectance, nestedness and modularity of each subnetwork (n = 44). Furthermore, we evaluated the similarity in host species composition among modules in ecto- and endoparasite subnetworks. We found several differences between subnetworks of fish ecto- and endoparasites. The association with a higher number of host species observed among endoparasites resulted in higher connectance and nestedness, and lower values of modularity in their subnetworks than in those of ectoparasites. Taxonomically related host species tended to share ecto- or endoparasites with the same interaction intensity, but the species composition of hosts tended to differ between modules formed by ecto- and endoparasites. Our results suggest that different evolutionary and ecological processes are responsible for organizing the networks formed by ecto- and endoparasites and fish.
机译：宿主和寄生虫以多种方式相互影响，这种相互作用的多样性反映在它们形成的网络中。为了测试外寄生虫和内寄生虫相互作用模式的差异，我们分析了22个地区的鱼寄生虫网络中每种寄生虫及其寄主鱼类组成的子网络。我们评估了每个寄主物种的寄生虫物种比例，寄生虫动物区系组成与寄主分类学，每个子网的连通性，嵌套性和模块化之间的关系（n = 44）。此外，我们评估了外部和内部寄生虫子网络模块之间的宿主物种组成的相似性。我们发现了鱼类外寄生物和内寄生物的子网之间的一些差异。与内寄生虫相比，与内寄生虫中观察到的寄主物种数量更多的关联导致其更高的连通性和嵌套性，并且其子网络中的模块性值更低。与分类学相关的寄主物种倾向于以相同的相互作用强度共享外寄生物或内寄生物，但宿主的物种组成在外寄生物和内寄生物形成的模块之间趋于不同。我们的结果表明，不同的进化和生态过程负责组织由外寄生物和内寄生物以及鱼类形成的网络。

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